Abstract
In this study, an optimized environmentally friendly procedure was employed to enhance the sustainable utilization of phenolic antioxidants derived from aloe vera rind by-products. The procedure involved the application of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) in combination with deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Eleven different DESs and three conventional solvents were employed as extraction media for polyphenolic compounds. Choline chloride–citric acid (ChCl-CA) was selected as the most suitable extractant, considering its extraction efficiency in relation to the total phenolic content. The operating conditions of UAE were optimized and modeled by the use of response surface methodology in order to maximize the yield of total phenolics and antioxidant capacity. The optimal operational parameters for the UAE procedure were determined to be 16.5 min, 74% (v/v) DES in water, and a solvent-to-solid ratio equal to 192. HPLC analysis, which was performed on the optimum extract, revealed significant levels of phenolics present in the aloe rind. Efficient recovery of the extracted antioxidants was obtained by the use of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and polyamide cartridges. The ChCl-CA DES exhibited excellent recycling capability with a yield of over 90% through SPE. Finally, the greenness of the method was evaluated using the green AGREE and AGREEprep metrics. The results highlighted the sustainability and the greenness of the proposed extraction procedure for the aloe by-product.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Choline chloride–citric acid was selected as the most suitable of eleven DESs and three conventional solvents for extracting phenolics.
- Treatment
- Choline chloride–citric acid (ChCl-CA)e2
- Outcome
- extraction efficiency in relation to the total phenolic contente2
- Comparator
- Eleven different DESs and three conventional solventse1
Aloe veraOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Utilization of an Aloe Vera Rind By-Product”
e1“Eleven different DESs and three conventional solvents were employed as extraction media for polyphenolic compounds”
e2“Choline chloride–citric acid (ChCl-CA) was selected as the most suitable extractant, considering its extraction efficiency in relation to the total phenolic content”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimal ultrasound-assisted extraction time was 16.5 min.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Utilization of an Aloe Vera Rind By-Product”
e3“The optimal operational parameters for the UAE procedure were determined to be 16.5 min, 74% (v/v) DES in water, and a solvent-to-solid ratio equal to 192”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimal extraction solvent was 74% (v/v) DES in water.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Utilization of an Aloe Vera Rind By-Product”
e3“The optimal operational parameters for the UAE procedure were determined to be 16.5 min, 74% (v/v) DES in water, and a solvent-to-solid ratio equal to 192”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimal solvent-to-solid ratio was 192.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Utilization of an Aloe Vera Rind By-Product”
e3“The optimal operational parameters for the UAE procedure were determined to be 16.5 min, 74% (v/v) DES in water, and a solvent-to-solid ratio equal to 192”
Claim · model-written summary
HPLC showed significant levels of phenolics present in the aloe rind.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Utilization of an Aloe Vera Rind By-Product”
e4“HPLC analysis, which was performed on the optimum extract, revealed significant levels of phenolics present in the aloe rind”
Claim · model-written summary
Solid-phase extraction with polyamide cartridges efficiently recovered the extracted antioxidants.
- Treatment
- solid-phase extraction (SPE) and polyamide cartridgese5
- Outcome
- recovery of the extracted antioxidantse5
- Qualifier
- Efficiente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Utilization of an Aloe Vera Rind By-Product”
e5“Efficient recovery of the extracted antioxidants was obtained by the use of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and polyamide cartridges”
Claim · model-written summary
The ChCl-CA DES recycled through SPE with a yield of over 90%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Utilization of an Aloe Vera Rind By-Product”
e6“The ChCl-CA DES exhibited excellent recycling capability with a yield of over 90% through SPE”
Claim · model-written summary
The proposed extraction procedure is sustainable and green.
- Outcome
- sustainability and the greenness of the proposed extraction proceduree7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Utilization of an Aloe Vera Rind By-Product”
e7“The results highlighted the sustainability and the greenness of the proposed extraction procedure for the aloe by-product”