Abstract
To address the challenge of disposing vegetable waste in greenhouses while mitigating white pollution associated with the use of conventional polyethylene film, we compared polyethylene (PE) film with two types of fully biodegradable film in both straw-return and no-straw-return treatments. We systematically investigated the effects of mulching on soil properties, film degradation, and tomato quality and yield. The results showed that the humic acid biodegradable film with straw-return (FZS-SR) increased the contents of lycopene, vitamin C (Vc), and soluble sugars in tomato fruit by 20.77%, 16.68%, and 25.89%, respectively, and decreased the total acid content by 8.46% compared to polyethylene film with no-straw-return (PE-NR). Additionally, FZS-SR enhanced the relative abundance of soil bacteria and fungi in Chloroflexi and Basidiomycota, while reducing the relative abundance of pathogenic fungal groups. Moreover, the biodegradable film degraded 15 days earlier in the straw-return treatment, with significantly higher characteristic peaks in Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis compared to no straw-return treatment. In a greenhouse, the straw-return model accelerated the degradation rate of biodegradable film. In summary, our results indicate that using humic acid biodegradable film with straw-return is an effective and sustainable cultivation method, improving tomato quality and yield. This approach offers insights for addressing residual plant and film pollution in vegetable production.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
FZS-SR increased tomato fruit contents of lycopene by 20.77% relative to PE-NR.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Organ / stage
- tomato fruite0
- Treatment
- humic acid biodegradable film with straw-return (FZS-SR)e0
- Outcome
- contents of lycopenee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20.77%e0
- Comparator
- polyethylene film with no-straw-return (PE-NR)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“The results showed that the humic acid biodegradable film with straw-return (FZS-SR) increased the contents of lycopene, vitamin C (Vc), and soluble sugars in tomato fruit by 20.77%, 16.68%, and 25.89%, respectively, and decreased the total acid content by 8.46% compared to polyethylene film with no-straw-return (PE-NR).”
Claim · model-written summary
FZS-SR increased tomato fruit vitamin C (Vc) by 16.68% relative to PE-NR.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- tomato fruite0
- Treatment
- humic acid biodegradable film with straw-return (FZS-SR)e0
- Outcome
- vitamin C (Vc)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 16.68%e0
- Comparator
- polyethylene film with no-straw-return (PE-NR)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“The results showed that the humic acid biodegradable film with straw-return (FZS-SR) increased the contents of lycopene, vitamin C (Vc), and soluble sugars in tomato fruit by 20.77%, 16.68%, and 25.89%, respectively, and decreased the total acid content by 8.46% compared to polyethylene film with no-straw-return (PE-NR).”
Claim · model-written summary
FZS-SR increased tomato fruit soluble sugars by 25.89% relative to PE-NR.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- tomato fruite0
- Treatment
- humic acid biodegradable film with straw-return (FZS-SR)e0
- Outcome
- soluble sugarse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 25.89%e0
- Comparator
- polyethylene film with no-straw-return (PE-NR)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“The results showed that the humic acid biodegradable film with straw-return (FZS-SR) increased the contents of lycopene, vitamin C (Vc), and soluble sugars in tomato fruit by 20.77%, 16.68%, and 25.89%, respectively, and decreased the total acid content by 8.46% compared to polyethylene film with no-straw-return (PE-NR).”
Claim · model-written summary
FZS-SR decreased tomato fruit total acid content by 8.46% relative to PE-NR.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- tomato fruite0
- Treatment
- humic acid biodegradable film with straw-return (FZS-SR)e0
- Outcome
- total acid contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 8.46%e0
- Comparator
- polyethylene film with no-straw-return (PE-NR)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“The results showed that the humic acid biodegradable film with straw-return (FZS-SR) increased the contents of lycopene, vitamin C (Vc), and soluble sugars in tomato fruit by 20.77%, 16.68%, and 25.89%, respectively, and decreased the total acid content by 8.46% compared to polyethylene film with no-straw-return (PE-NR).”
Claim · model-written summary
FZS-SR enhanced relative abundance of soil bacteria and fungi in Chloroflexi and Basidiomycota.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- FZS-SRe0
- Interactor
- ChloroflexiChloroflexotae0other
- Outcome
- relative abundance of soil bacteria and fungi in Chloroflexi and Basidiomycotae0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“FZS-SR enhanced the relative abundance of soil bacteria and fungi in Chloroflexi and Basidiomycota, while reducing the relative abundance of pathogenic fungal groups.”
Claim · model-written summary
FZS-SR reducing relative abundance of pathogenic fungal groups.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- FZS-SRe0
- Interactor
- pathogenic fungal groupse0pathogen
- Outcome
- relative abundance of pathogenic fungal groupse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“FZS-SR enhanced the relative abundance of soil bacteria and fungi in Chloroflexi and Basidiomycota, while reducing the relative abundance of pathogenic fungal groups.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biodegradable film degraded 15 days earlier under straw return.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- straw-return treatmente0
- Outcome
- biodegradable film degradede0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Value
- 15 dayse0
- Comparator
- no straw-return treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“the biodegradable film degraded 15 days earlier in the straw-return treatment, with significantly higher characteristic peaks in Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis compared to no straw-return treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
The straw-return treatment gave higher film spectral peaks than no straw return.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- straw-return treatmente0
- Outcome
- characteristic peaks in Fourier transform infrared spectral analysise0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- no straw-return treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“the biodegradable film degraded 15 days earlier in the straw-return treatment, with significantly higher characteristic peaks in Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis compared to no straw-return treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend humic acid biodegradable film with straw return as a tomato cultivation method.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- using humic acid biodegradable film with straw-returne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“using humic acid biodegradable film with straw-return is an effective and sustainable cultivation method, improving tomato quality and yield.”
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