Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) fumigation was evaluated for efficacy against western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) and phytotoxicity to four select fresh fruits and vegetables. Western flower thrips were found to be very susceptible to SO2 fumigation. Fumigations with 0.3 and 0.5% SO2 for 60 and 30 min, respectively, at a low temperature of 5 °C achieved 100% thrips mortality. Broccoli, bell peppers, apples, and navel oranges with thrips were subjected to 30 min fumigation with 0.3–0.5% SO2 to verify efficacy and determine potential phytotoxicity. The fumigation resulted in complete control of thrips. Its effects on visual quality of fresh produce varied. The fumigation caused severe discoloration of broccoli. However, the treatment did not have significant effects on the color of other products. No negative impact on visual appearance of bell peppers and navel oranges was observed. However, it caused darkened lenticels on green apples and, therefore, may potentially degrade apple postharvest quality. The lack of phytotoxicity of SO2 fumigation is likely due to well-developed wax layers on those fresh products. The results of the study suggest that SO2 fumigation has good potential to be used safely and effectively against sensitive pests on select fresh fruit and vegetables including peppers and citrus fruits.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
SO2 fumigation at 0.3% for 60 minutes and 5 °C achieved complete western flower thrips mortality.
- Taxon
- Broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicae1 - Treatment
- 0.3 and 0.5% SO2 for 60 and 30 mine0
- Outcome
- thrips mortalitye0
- Value
- 100%e0
ThripsNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fumigations with 0.3 and 0.5% SO2 for 60 and 30 min, respectively, at a low temperature of 5 °C achieved 100% thrips mortality”
e1“Broccoli, bell peppers, apples, and navel oranges with thrips were subjected to 30 min fumigation with 0.3–0.5% SO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigation completely controlled thrips on the selected produce.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- fumigatione0
- Outcome
- control of thripse0
- Direction
- completee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fumigation resulted in complete control of thrips”
e1“Broccoli, bell peppers, apples, and navel oranges with thrips were subjected to 30 min fumigation with 0.3–0.5% SO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigation severely discolored broccoli.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- Fumigationt0
- Outcome
- discoloratione0
- Direction
- severee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fumigation caused severe discoloration of broccoli”
t0“Fumigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigation did not significantly affect the color of other tested products.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the treatment did not have significant effects on the color of other products”
t0“Fumigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Bell peppers showed no negative visual effect from fumigation.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“No negative impact on visual appearance of bell peppers and navel oranges was observed”
t0“Fumigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Navel oranges showed no negative visual effect from fumigation.
- Taxon
- navel oranges
Citrus sinensise0 - Treatment
- Fumigationt0
- Outcome
- visual appearancee0
- Direction
- No negative impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No negative impact on visual appearance of bell peppers and navel oranges was observed”
t0“Fumigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigation darkened lenticels on green apples.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“it caused darkened lenticels on green apples”
t0“Fumigation”
The same questions in other papers
solarization · quality: postharvest · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.