Abstract
Abstract Reproductive failure in cotton caused by drought has been reported to be closely associated with alterations in pistil fertility; however, the mechanism of the effect of drought on pistil fertility in cotton is less studied. We hypothesized that drought would inhibit the ovule formation to alter pistil potential fertility. To address this hypothesis, we conducted a water deficit induction experiment with a cotton cultivar, Dexiamian 1. Results showed that drought damaged the cytological structure of the developing ovules. This resulted in a lower ovule number, finally leading to lower cottonseed number and boll weight. And the decreased ovule number was closely related to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in pistil during ovule development. Further analysis of antioxidant metabolism found that in the enzymatic antioxidant system, drought decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), resulting in the accumulation of superoxide anion () and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). Regarding the non‐enzymatic antioxidant system, the elevated glutathione reductase gene ( GhGR ) expression under drought promoted the glutathione (GSH) accumulation; however, the decreased dehydroascorbate reductase gene ( GhDHAR2 ) expression under drought inhibited the conversion of GSH to ascorbic acid (AsA). Although the increased monodehydroascorbate reductase gene ( GhMDHAR ) expression under drought promoted AsA accumulation, drought‐induced reduced ascorbate peroxidase gene ( GhAPX ) expression inhibited the reduction of H 2 O 2 by AsA, which ultimately led to higher AsA content and H 2 O 2 content. We conclude that drought impedes the ovule formation by disturbing pistil's antioxidant metabolic homeostasis to destruct the cytological structure of the developing ovules.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Drought damaged the cytological structure of the developing cotton ovules.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Material
- Dexiamian 1e1
- Organ / stage
- developing ovulese0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- cytological structure of the developing ovulese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soil drought during the development of cotton ovule”
e0“drought damaged the cytological structure of the developing ovules”
e1“we conducted a water deficit induction experiment with a cotton cultivar, Dexiamian 1”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought lowered the ovule number of cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- developing ovulese0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- ovule numbere1
- Direction
- lowere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soil drought during the development of cotton ovule”
e0“drought damaged the cytological structure of the developing ovules”
e1“This resulted in a lower ovule number, finally leading to lower cottonseed number and boll weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought lowered cottonseed number and boll weight in cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- cottonseed number and boll weighte1
- Direction
- lowere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soil drought during the development of cotton ovule”
e0“drought damaged the cytological structure of the developing ovules”
e1“This resulted in a lower ovule number, finally leading to lower cottonseed number and boll weight”
Claim · model-written summary
The decreased ovule number in cotton was closely related to reactive oxygen species accumulation in the pistil during ovule development.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Compound
- reactive oxygen species (ROS)e0
- Outcome
- ovule numbere0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soil drought during the development of cotton ovule”
e0“the decreased ovule number was closely related to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in pistil during ovule development”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in cotton pistil.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soil drought during the development of cotton ovule”
e0“drought decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought led to accumulation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide in cotton pistil.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- droughtt0
- Outcome
- superoxide anion () and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )e0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soil drought during the development of cotton ovule”
e0“resulting in the accumulation of superoxide anion () and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated glutathione reductase gene GhGR expression under drought promoted glutathione (GSH) accumulation in cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Gene
- GhGRe0
- Outcome
- glutathione (GSH) accumulatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soil drought during the development of cotton ovule”
e0“the elevated glutathione reductase gene ( GhGR ) expression under drought promoted the glutathione (GSH) accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreased dehydroascorbate reductase gene GhDHAR2 expression under drought inhibited the conversion of GSH to ascorbic acid in cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- droughtt0
- Gene
- GhDHAR2e0
- Outcome
- conversion of GSH to ascorbic acid (AsA)e0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soil drought during the development of cotton ovule”
e0“the decreased dehydroascorbate reductase gene ( GhDHAR2 ) expression under drought inhibited the conversion of GSH to ascorbic acid (AsA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased monodehydroascorbate reductase gene GhMDHAR expression under drought promoted ascorbate accumulation in cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- droughtt0
- Gene
- GhMDHARe0
- Outcome
- AsA accumulatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soil drought during the development of cotton ovule”
e0“the increased monodehydroascorbate reductase gene ( GhMDHAR ) expression under drought promoted AsA accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced ascorbate peroxidase gene GhAPX expression under drought inhibited the reduction of H2O2 by ascorbate in cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- droughtt0
- Gene
- GhAPXe0
- Outcome
- reduction of H 2 O 2 by AsAe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soil drought during the development of cotton ovule”
e0“drought‐induced reduced ascorbate peroxidase gene ( GhAPX ) expression inhibited the reduction of H 2 O 2 by AsA”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought ultimately led to higher ascorbate content and higher H2O2 content in cotton pistil.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- droughtt0
- Outcome
- AsA content and H 2 O 2 contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soil drought during the development of cotton ovule”
e0“which ultimately led to higher AsA content and H 2 O 2 content”
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