Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Many agricultural areas are expected to face hotter, drier conditions from climate change. Understanding the mechanisms that crops use to mitigate these stresses can guide breeding for more tolerant plant material. We tested relationships between traits, physiological function in hot conditions and historical climate associations to evaluate these mechanisms for winegrapes. We expected a more negative leaf osmotic potential at full hydration (πo), which reduces leaf turgor loss during drought, and either a metabolically cheaper or more osmoprotectant leaf chemical composition, to allow cultivars associated with hot, dry regions to maintain greater gas exchange in hot growing conditions. METHODS: We measured πo, gas exchange and leaf chemistry for seven commercially important winegrape cultivars that vary widely in historical climate associations. Vines were grown in common-garden field conditions in a hot wine-growing region (Davis, CA, USA) and measured over the hottest period of the growing season (July-September). KEY RESULTS: The value of πo varied significantly between cultivars, and all cultivars significantly reduced πo (osmotically adjusted) over the study period, although osmotic adjustment did not vary across cultivars. The value of πo was correlated with gas exchange and climate associations, but in the direction opposite to expected. Photosynthesis and πo were higher in the cultivars associated with hotter, less humid regions. Leaf chemical composition varied between cultivars but was not related to climate associations. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that maintenance of leaf turgor is not a primary limitation on grapevine adaptation to hot or atmospherically dry growing conditions. Thus, selecting for a more negative πo or greater osmotic adjustment is not a promising strategy to develop more climate-resilient grape varieties, contrary to findings for other crops. Future work is needed to identify the mechanisms increasing photosynthesis in the cultivars associated with hot, dry regions.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf osmotic potential differed significantly among cultivars.
- Taxon
- winegrape
Vitis viniferae1 - Material
- cultivarse0
- Outcome
- value of πoe0
- Direction
- variede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The value of πo varied significantly between cultivars”
e1“winegrape cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
All cultivars reduced osmotic potential during the study period.
- Taxon
- winegrapeVitis viniferae1
- Material
- cultivarse0
- Outcome
- πoe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- over the study periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all cultivars significantly reduced πo (osmotically adjusted) over the study period”
e1“winegrape cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic adjustment did not vary across cultivars.
- Taxon
- winegrapeVitis viniferae1
- Material
- cultivarse0
- Outcome
- osmotic adjustmente0
- Direction
- did not varye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“osmotic adjustment did not vary across cultivars”
e1“winegrape cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic potential correlated with gas exchange in the opposite direction from expectation.
- Taxon
- winegrapeVitis viniferae1
- Material
- cultivarse1
- Outcome
- gas exchangee0
- Direction
- opposite to expectede0
- Qualifier
- πoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The value of πo was correlated with gas exchange and climate associations, but in the direction opposite to expected.”
e1“winegrape cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic potential correlated with climate associations opposite to expectation.
- Taxon
- winegrapeVitis viniferae1
- Material
- cultivarse1
- Outcome
- climate associationse0
- Direction
- opposite to expectede0
- Qualifier
- πoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The value of πo was correlated with gas exchange and climate associations, but in the direction opposite to expected.”
e1“winegrape cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivars associated with hotter, less humid regions had higher photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- winegrapeVitis viniferae1
- Material
- cultivarse0
- Outcome
- Photosynthesise0
- Direction
- highere0
- Setting
- hotter, less humid regionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Photosynthesis and πo were higher in the cultivars associated with hotter, less humid regions.”
e1“winegrape cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivars associated with hotter, less humid regions had higher osmotic potential.
- Taxon
- winegrapeVitis viniferae1
- Material
- cultivarse0
- Outcome
- πoe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Setting
- hotter, less humid regionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Photosynthesis and πo were higher in the cultivars associated with hotter, less humid regions.”
e1“winegrape cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf chemical composition differed among cultivars.
- Taxon
- winegrapeVitis viniferae1
- Material
- cultivarse0
- Outcome
- Leaf chemical compositione0
- Direction
- variede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf chemical composition varied between cultivars”
e1“winegrape cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf chemical composition was unrelated to climate associations.
- Taxon
- winegrapeVitis viniferae1
- Outcome
- Leaf chemical compositione0
- Direction
- not relatede0
- Setting
- climate associationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf chemical composition varied between cultivars but was not related to climate associations.”
e1“winegrape cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that leaf turgor maintenance is not a primary limit on adaptation to hot or dry conditions.
- Taxon
- winegrapeVitis viniferae1
- Outcome
- grapevine adaptation to hot or atmospherically dry growing conditionse0
- Qualifier
- maintenance of leaf turgore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maintenance of leaf turgor is not a primary limitation on grapevine adaptation to hot or atmospherically dry growing conditions.”
e1“winegrape cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise against selecting for more negative osmotic potential or greater adjustment to develop resilient grapes.
- Taxon
- winegrapeVitis viniferae1
- Outcome
- selecting for a more negative πo or greater osmotic adjustmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“selecting for a more negative πo or greater osmotic adjustment is not a promising strategy to develop more climate-resilient grape varieties”
e1“winegrape cultivars”