Abstract
Abstract Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) is responsive to boron (B) fertilization when there is low soil availability, but the best source and rate to be used and whether this response is dependent on soil texture are still unknown. This study aimed to adjust boron fertilization for cotton as a function of the production environment and B source used. Two field experiments were conducted in the 2020/2021 season in Chapadão do Sul, MS (clayey soil—adequate B content) and Dracena, SP (sandy soil—low B content), Brazil. Treatments consisted of B sources (ulexite [low solubility], borax pentahydrate [BP] [intermediate solubility], and boric acid [BA] [high solubility]), and B rates (0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 kg ha −1 ) applied to the soil at 25 days after plant emergence. In sandy soil with low B content, application of 2 (high and medium solubility sources) and 4 kg B ha −1 (low solubility source) improved fiber yield between 10% (210 kg ha −1 fiber) and 28% (555 kg ha −1 ), respectively, as well as micronaire index, strength, elongation, uniformity, and short fibers. Application of B greater than 4 kg ha −1 via soluble sources reduced (between 9% (175 kg ha −1 )—BP and 14% (257 kg ha −1 )—BA) fiber yield only in sandy soil. When B content in the soil is adequate, B fertilization did not improve yield, but increased fiber strength (4%—1.1 g tex −1 ) and reduced the short fiber index (16%) by applying 1 kg B ha −1 , regardless of the source used. The highest fiber yields were obtained with leaf B contents between 12 and 17 mg kg −1 (sandy soil) and 25 and 27 mg kg −1 (clayey soil). We recommend applying 2 kg B ha −1 (solubility sources) and 4 kg B ha −1 (low solubility source) in sandy soils with low B content to improve yield and fiber quality, and 1 kg B ha −1 in clayey soil with adequate B content to improve fiber quality and replace B amounts removed through harvesting.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
In low B sandy soil, soluble sources at 2 kg B per hectare improved fibre yield by 10%.
- Taxon
- Cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- 2 (high and medium solubility sources)e0
- Outcome
- fiber yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 10%e0
- Setting
- sandy soil with low B contente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In sandy soil with low B content, application of 2 (high and medium solubility sources) and 4 kg B ha −1 (low solubility source) improved fiber yield between 10% (210 kg ha −1 fiber) and 28% (555 kg ha −1 )”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
In low B sandy soil, the low solubility source at 4 kg B per hectare improved fibre yield by 28%.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 4 kg B ha −1 (low solubility source)e0
- Outcome
- fiber yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 28%e0
- Setting
- sandy soil with low B contente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In sandy soil with low B content, application of 2 (high and medium solubility sources) and 4 kg B ha −1 (low solubility source) improved fiber yield between 10% (210 kg ha −1 fiber) and 28% (555 kg ha −1 )”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
B applications in low B sandy soil improved micronaire, strength, and elongation.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Be0
- Outcome
- micronaire index, strength, elongatione0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Setting
- sandy soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In sandy soil with low B content, application of 2 (high and medium solubility sources) and 4 kg B ha −1 (low solubility source) improved fiber yield between 10% (210 kg ha −1 fiber) and 28% (555 kg ha −1 ), respectively, as well as micronaire index, strength, elongation, uniformity, and short fibers.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
B applications in low B sandy soil improved uniformity and short fibre traits.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Be0
- Outcome
- uniformity, and short fiberse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Setting
- sandy soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In sandy soil with low B content, application of 2 (high and medium solubility sources) and 4 kg B ha −1 (low solubility source) improved fiber yield between 10% (210 kg ha −1 fiber) and 28% (555 kg ha −1 ), respectively, as well as micronaire index, strength, elongation, uniformity, and short fibers.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
BP above 4 kg B per hectare reduced fibre yield 9% in sandy soil.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- B greater than 4 kg ha −1 via soluble sourcese0
- Outcome
- fiber yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 9%e0
- Qualifier
- BPe0
- Setting
- sandy soile0
Not reportedMaterialComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of B greater than 4 kg ha −1 via soluble sources reduced (between 9% (175 kg ha −1 )—BP and 14% (257 kg ha −1 )—BA) fiber yield only in sandy soil.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
BA above 4 kg B per hectare reduced fibre yield 14% in sandy soil.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- B greater than 4 kg ha −1 via soluble sourcese0
- Outcome
- fiber yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 14%e0
- Qualifier
- BAe0
- Setting
- sandy soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of B greater than 4 kg ha −1 via soluble sources reduced (between 9% (175 kg ha −1 )—BP and 14% (257 kg ha −1 )—BA) fiber yield only in sandy soil.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
With adequate soil B, B fertilisation did not improve yield.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- B fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- did not improvee0
- Qualifier
- B content in the soil is adequatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When B content in the soil is adequate, B fertilization did not improve yield”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
With adequate soil B, 1 kg B per hectare increased fibre strength by 4%.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 1 kg B ha −1e0
- Outcome
- fiber strengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4%e0
- Qualifier
- regardless of the source usede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased fiber strength (4%—1.1 g tex −1 ) and reduced the short fiber index (16%) by applying 1 kg B ha −1 , regardless of the source used.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
With adequate soil B, 1 kg B per hectare lowered short fibre index by 16%.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 1 kg B ha −1e0
- Outcome
- short fiber indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 16%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced the short fiber index (16%) by applying 1 kg B ha −1 , regardless of the source used.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest fibre yields in sandy soil occurred at leaf B contents of 12 to 17 mg per kg.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- fiber yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 12 and 17 mg kg −1e0
- Setting
- sandy soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest fiber yields were obtained with leaf B contents between 12 and 17 mg kg −1 (sandy soil)”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest fibre yields in clayey soil occurred at leaf B contents of 25 to 27 mg per kg.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- fiber yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 25 and 27 mg kg −1e0
- Setting
- clayey soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest fiber yields were obtained with leaf B contents between 12 and 17 mg kg −1 (sandy soil) and 25 and 27 mg kg −1 (clayey soil).”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 2 kg B per hectare from soluble sources in low B sandy soil.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- applying 2 kg B ha −1 (solubility sources)e0
- Setting
- sandy soils with low B contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We recommend applying 2 kg B ha −1 (solubility sources) and 4 kg B ha −1 (low solubility source) in sandy soils with low B content to improve yield and fiber quality”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 4 kg B per hectare from a low solubility source in low B sandy soil.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- 4 kg B ha −1 (low solubility source)e0
- Setting
- sandy soils with low B contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We recommend applying 2 kg B ha −1 (solubility sources) and 4 kg B ha −1 (low solubility source) in sandy soils with low B content to improve yield and fiber quality”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 1 kg B per hectare in adequate B clayey soil for fibre quality and B replacement.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- 1 kg B ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- improve fiber quality and replace B amounts removed through harvestinge0
- Setting
- clayey soil with adequate B contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1 kg B ha −1 in clayey soil with adequate B content to improve fiber quality and replace B amounts removed through harvesting.”
t0“Cotton”
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