Abstract
In this study, the effects of the soil application and foliar spraying with magnesium fertilizers on rice yield and quality in Liaoning Province were investigated. Field experiments were conducted at Kaiyuan, Xinmin, and Dawa in 2022 and 2023. Magnesium fertilizers were used in the soil as magnesium sulfate monohydrate and silicon–magnesium fertilizer and on leaves was magnesium sulfate heptahydrate. The results showed that the application of 12 kg magnesium hm−2 in the soil at the Kaiyuan site can significantly increase rice yield by 14.8% compared with sites without magnesium fertilizer. The use of silicon–magnesium fertilizer showed a more obvious yield increase of 22.2%. The application of 3 kg magnesium hm−2 or 6 kg magnesium hm−2 on the leaf surface increased the rice yield at Kaiyuan by 19.4% and 21.6% and at Xinmin by 17.8% and 5.4%, respectively. The yield increase was more significant under the optimal fertilization treatment compared with the conventional fertilization treatment. The application of magnesium fertilizer increased the magnesium, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents in rice shoots and the potassium and crude protein contents in rice grains. The effect of foliar spraying with magnesium fertilizers was more obvious than soil application. Therefore, the magnesium fertilizer used on the leaf surface plays an important role in improving rice yield and quality in rice-growing areas with relatively rich soil magnesium content. Magnesium fertilizer can compensate for the yield decrease caused by the reduced use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers by promoting nitrogen and phosphorus absorption in rice. Conclusively, the application of magnesium fertilizer is a promising measure to improve rice production in Liaoning province under a reduced nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer background.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Soil application of 12 kg magnesium hm−2 increased rice yield at Kaiyuan by 14.8%.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- 12 kg magnesium hm−2 in the soile0
- Outcome
- rice yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 14.8%e0
- Comparator
- sites without magnesium fertilizere0
- Setting
- Kaiyuan sitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of 12 kg magnesium hm−2 in the soil at the Kaiyuan site can significantly increase rice yield by 14.8% compared with sites without magnesium fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon–magnesium fertilizer increased yield by 22.2%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- silicon–magnesium fertilizere0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 22.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of silicon–magnesium fertilizer showed a more obvious yield increase of 22.2%”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 3 kg magnesium hm−2 increased yield at Kaiyuan by 19.4%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 3 kg magnesium hm−2e0
- Outcome
- rice yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 19.4%e0
- Setting
- Kaiyuane0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of 3 kg magnesium hm−2 or 6 kg magnesium hm−2 on the leaf surface increased the rice yield at Kaiyuan by 19.4% and 21.6%”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 6 kg magnesium hm−2 increased yield at Kaiyuan by 21.6%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 6 kg magnesium hm−2e0
- Outcome
- rice yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 21.6%e0
- Setting
- Kaiyuane0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of 3 kg magnesium hm−2 or 6 kg magnesium hm−2 on the leaf surface increased the rice yield at Kaiyuan by 19.4% and 21.6%”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 3 kg magnesium hm−2 increased yield at Xinmin by 17.8%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 3 kg magnesium hm−2e0
- Outcome
- rice yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 17.8%e0
- Setting
- Xinmine0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of 3 kg magnesium hm−2 or 6 kg magnesium hm−2 on the leaf surface increased the rice yield at Kaiyuan by 19.4% and 21.6% and at Xinmin by 17.8% and 5.4%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 6 kg magnesium hm−2 increased yield at Xinmin by 5.4%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 6 kg magnesium hm−2e0
- Outcome
- rice yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.4%e0
- Setting
- Xinmine0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of 3 kg magnesium hm−2 or 6 kg magnesium hm−2 on the leaf surface increased the rice yield at Kaiyuan by 19.4% and 21.6% and at Xinmin by 17.8% and 5.4%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield increase was more significant under optimal than conventional fertilization.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- yield increasee0
- Direction
- more significante0
- Comparator
- conventional fertilization treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield increase was more significant under the optimal fertilization treatment compared with the conventional fertilization treatment”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium fertilizer increased magnesium, nitrogen and phosphorus contents in rice shoots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rice shootse0
- Treatment
- magnesium fertilizere0
- Outcome
- magnesium, nitrogen, and phosphorus contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of magnesium fertilizer increased the magnesium, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents in rice shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium fertilizer increased potassium and crude protein contents in rice grains.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rice grainse0
- Treatment
- magnesium fertilizere0
- Outcome
- potassium and crude protein contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of magnesium fertilizer increased the magnesium, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents in rice shoots and the potassium and crude protein contents in rice grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar magnesium spraying had a more obvious effect than soil application.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- effect of foliar spraying with magnesium fertilizerse0
- Direction
- more obviouse0
- Comparator
- soil applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of foliar spraying with magnesium fertilizers was more obvious than soil application”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium fertilizer compensated for yield decrease from reduced nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Magnesium fertilizere0
- Outcome
- yield decreasee0
- Qualifier
- promoting nitrogen and phosphorus absorptione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Magnesium fertilizer can compensate for the yield decrease caused by the reduced use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers by promoting nitrogen and phosphorus absorption in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend magnesium fertilizer under reduced nitrogen and phosphate fertilization in Liaoning.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- application of magnesium fertilizere0
- Qualifier
- under a reduced nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer backgrounde0
- Setting
- Liaoning provincee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of magnesium fertilizer is a promising measure to improve rice production in Liaoning province under a reduced nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer background”
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