Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) of pre-mRNAs increases the diversity of transcriptome and proteome and plays fundamental roles in plant development and stress responses. However, the prevalent changes in AS events and the regulating mechanisms of plants in response to pathogens remain largely unknown. Here, we show that AS changes are an important mechanism conferring cotton immunity to Verticillium dahliae (Vd). GauSR45a, encoding a serine/arginine-rich RNA binding protein, was upregulated expression and underwent AS in response to Vd infection in Gossypium australe, a wild diploid cotton species highly resistant to Vd. Silencing GauSR45a substantially reduced the splicing ratio of Vd-induced immune-associated genes, including GauBAK1 (BRI1-associated kinase 1) and GauCERK1 (chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1). GauSR45a binds to the GAAGA motif that is commonly found in the pre-mRNA of genes essential for PTI, ETI, and defense. The binding between GauSR45a and the GAAGA motif in the pre-mRNA of BAK1 was enhanced by two splicing factors of GauU2AF35B and GauU1-70 K, thereby facilitating exon splicing; silencing either AtU2AF35B or AtU1-70 K decreased the resistance to Vd in transgenic GauSR45a Arabidopsis. Overexpressing the short splicing variant of BAK1GauBAK1.1 resulted in enhanced Verticillium wilt resistance rather than the long one GauBAK1.2. Vd-induced far more AS events were in G. barbadense (resistant tetraploid cotton) than those in G. hirsutum (susceptible tetraploid cotton) during Vd infection, indicating resistance divergence in immune responses at a genome-wide scale. We provided evidence showing a fundamental mechanism by which GauSR45a enhances cotton resistance to Vd through global regulation of AS of immunity genes.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Here, we show that AS changes are an important mechanism conferring cotton immunity to Verticillium dahliae (Vd).
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Interactor
- Verticillium dahliae
Verticillium dahliaee0pathogen - Outcome
- immunity to Verticillium dahliaee0
- Qualifier
- AS changese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here, we show that AS changes are an important mechanism conferring cotton immunity to Verticillium dahliae (Vd).”
t0“SR45a plays a key role in enhancing cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae by alternative splicing of immunity genes”
e1“Gossypium australe”
Claim · model-written summary
GauSR45a, encoding a serine/arginine-rich RNA binding protein, was upregulated expression and underwent AS in response to Vd infection in Gossypium australe, a wild diploid cotton species highly resistant to Vd.
- Taxon
- Gossypium australe
Gossypium australee0 - Interactor
- Vde0pathogen
- Gene
- GauSR45ae0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GauSR45a, encoding a serine/arginine-rich RNA binding protein, was upregulated expression and underwent AS in response to Vd infection in Gossypium australe, a wild diploid cotton species highly resistant to Vd.”
t0“SR45a plays a key role in enhancing cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae by alternative splicing of immunity genes”
e1“Gossypium australe”
Claim · model-written summary
GauSR45a, encoding a serine/arginine-rich RNA binding protein, was upregulated expression and underwent AS in response to Vd infection in Gossypium australe, a wild diploid cotton species highly resistant to Vd.
- Taxon
- Gossypium australeGossypium australee0
- Interactor
- Vde0pathogen
- Gene
- GauSR45ae0
- Outcome
- ASe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GauSR45a, encoding a serine/arginine-rich RNA binding protein, was upregulated expression and underwent AS in response to Vd infection in Gossypium australe, a wild diploid cotton species highly resistant to Vd.”
t0“SR45a plays a key role in enhancing cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae by alternative splicing of immunity genes”
e1“Gossypium australe”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing GauSR45a substantially reduced the splicing ratio of Vd-induced immune-associated genes, including GauBAK1 (BRI1-associated kinase 1) and GauCERK1 (chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1).
- Taxon
- Gossypium australeGossypium australee1
- Treatment
- Silencing GauSR45ae0
- Interactor
- Vde0pathogen
- Gene
- GauBAK1e0
- Outcome
- splicing ratioe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing GauSR45a substantially reduced the splicing ratio of Vd-induced immune-associated genes, including GauBAK1 (BRI1-associated kinase 1) and GauCERK1 (chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1).”
t0“SR45a plays a key role in enhancing cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae by alternative splicing of immunity genes”
e1“Gossypium australe”
Claim · model-written summary
GauSR45a binds to the GAAGA motif that is commonly found in the pre-mRNA of genes essential for PTI, ETI, and defense.
- Taxon
- Gossypium australeGossypium australee1
- Gene
- GauSR45ae0
- Outcome
- binds to the GAAGA motife0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GauSR45a binds to the GAAGA motif that is commonly found in the pre-mRNA of genes essential for PTI, ETI, and defense.”
t0“SR45a plays a key role in enhancing cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae by alternative splicing of immunity genes”
e1“Gossypium australe”
Claim · model-written summary
The binding between GauSR45a and the GAAGA motif in the pre-mRNA of BAK1 was enhanced by two splicing factors of GauU2AF35B and GauU1-70 K, thereby facilitating exon splicing; silencing either AtU2AF35B or AtU1-70 K decreased the resistance to Vd in transgenic GauSR45a Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Gene
- GauSR45ae0
- Outcome
- exon splicinge0
- Direction
- facilitatinge0
- Qualifier
- GauU2AF35B and GauU1-70 Ke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The binding between GauSR45a and the GAAGA motif in the pre-mRNA of BAK1 was enhanced by two splicing factors of GauU2AF35B and GauU1-70 K, thereby facilitating exon splicing; silencing either AtU2AF35B or AtU1-70 K decreased the resistance to Vd in transgenic GauSR45a Arabidopsis.”
t0“SR45a plays a key role in enhancing cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae by alternative splicing of immunity genes”
e1“Gossypium australe”
Claim · model-written summary
The binding between GauSR45a and the GAAGA motif in the pre-mRNA of BAK1 was enhanced by two splicing factors of GauU2AF35B and GauU1-70 K, thereby facilitating exon splicing; silencing either AtU2AF35B or AtU1-70 K decreased the resistance to Vd in transgenic GauSR45a Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- silencing either AtU2AF35B or AtU1-70 Ke0
- Interactor
- Vde0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance to Vde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The binding between GauSR45a and the GAAGA motif in the pre-mRNA of BAK1 was enhanced by two splicing factors of GauU2AF35B and GauU1-70 K, thereby facilitating exon splicing; silencing either AtU2AF35B or AtU1-70 K decreased the resistance to Vd in transgenic GauSR45a Arabidopsis.”
t0“SR45a plays a key role in enhancing cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae by alternative splicing of immunity genes”
e1“Gossypium australe”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpressing the short splicing variant of BAK1GauBAK1.1 resulted in enhanced Verticillium wilt resistance rather than the long one GauBAK1.2.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Overexpressing the short splicing variant of BAK1GauBAK1.1e0
- Interactor
- VerticilliumVerticilliume0pathogen
- Outcome
- Verticillium wilt resistancee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- the long one GauBAK1.2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpressing the short splicing variant of BAK1GauBAK1.1 resulted in enhanced Verticillium wilt resistance rather than the long one GauBAK1.2.”
t0“SR45a plays a key role in enhancing cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae by alternative splicing of immunity genes”
e1“Gossypium australe”
Claim · model-written summary
Vd-induced far more AS events were in G. barbadense (resistant tetraploid cotton) than those in G. hirsutum (susceptible tetraploid cotton) during Vd infection, indicating resistance divergence in immune responses at a genome-wide scale.
- Taxon
- G. barbadense
.jpg?width=60)
Gossypium barbadensee0 - Interactor
- Vde0pathogen
- Outcome
- AS eventse0
- Direction
- far moree0
- Comparator
- G. hirsutume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Vd-induced far more AS events were in G. barbadense (resistant tetraploid cotton) than those in G. hirsutum (susceptible tetraploid cotton) during Vd infection, indicating resistance divergence in immune responses at a genome-wide scale.”
t0“SR45a plays a key role in enhancing cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae by alternative splicing of immunity genes”
e1“Gossypium australe”