Abstract
The quantity and composition of rice proteins play a crucial role in determining taste quality of sake, Japanese rice wine. However, the spatial distribution of proteins within rice grains, especially in endosperm tissue, and the differences between rice varieties remain unclear. Here, we analyzed the crude protein contents and composition ratios of table (Nipponbare and Koshihikari) and genuine sake rice varieties (Yamadanishiki, Gohyakumangoku, Dewasansan, Dewanosato, and Yumenokaori) to elucidate their spatial distribution within the Japonica rice grain endosperm. Seven sake rice varieties were polished over five harvest years using a brewer's rice-polishing machine. We obtained fractions at 90-70% (the outermost endosperm fraction), 70-50%, 50-30%, and 30-0% (the central region of the endosperm fraction). Yamadanishiki and Dewanosato exhibited considerably lower crude protein contents than the other cultivars. After applying SDS-PAGE, the protein composition, comprising glutelin/total protein (G/TP), prolamin/TP (P/TP), and G/P ratios of these fractions was determined. In white rice (at a 90% rice-polishing ratio), the average ratio of the major protein composition was G/TP 41%, P/TP 21%, and G/P ratios of 1.97. Gohyakumangoku and Yamadanishiki had higher G/TP ratio, while Dewanosato had a lower value. Despite having lower crude protein contents, Yamadanishiki and Dewanosato exhibited significantly varying G/TP ratios. The G/TP ratio markedly varied among rice varieties, particularly in the rice grains' central region. The 50-30% fraction had the highest P/TP ratio among all tested rice varieties, suggesting spatial differences in P/TP within rice grains. Koshihikari had the lowest P/TP ratio. In addition, the 50-30% fraction had the lowest G/P ratio among all tested rice varieties, with Gohyakumangoku having the highest G/P ratio. Dewanosato had the lowest G/P value, and this value significantly differed from that of Yamadanishiki in the 30-0% fraction. We found substantial differences in protein composition within distinct spatial regions of rice grains, and larger differences among rice varieties were observed in the rice grain's central region.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Yamadanishiki had lower crude protein than other cultivars.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- Yamadanishikie0
- Outcome
- crude protein contentse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- other cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yamadanishiki and Dewanosato exhibited considerably lower crude protein contents than the other cultivars”
t0“Japonica Rice Grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Dewanosato had lower crude protein than other cultivars.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Dewanosatoe0
- Outcome
- crude protein contentse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- other cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yamadanishiki and Dewanosato exhibited considerably lower crude protein contents than the other cultivars”
t0“Japonica Rice Grains”
Claim · model-written summary
White rice averaged 41% glutelin to total protein at 90% polishing.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- G/TPe0
- Value
- 41%e0
- Qualifier
- 90% rice-polishing ratioe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In white rice (at a 90% rice-polishing ratio), the average ratio of the major protein composition was G/TP 41%, P/TP 21%, and G/P ratios of 1.97”
Claim · model-written summary
White rice averaged 21% prolamin to total protein at 90% polishing.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- P/TPe0
- Value
- 21%e0
- Qualifier
- 90% rice-polishing ratioe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In white rice (at a 90% rice-polishing ratio), the average ratio of the major protein composition was G/TP 41%, P/TP 21%, and G/P ratios of 1.97”
Claim · model-written summary
White rice averaged a glutelin to prolamin ratio of 1.97 at 90% polishing.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- G/P ratiose0
- Value
- 1.97e0
- Qualifier
- 90% rice-polishing ratioe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In white rice (at a 90% rice-polishing ratio), the average ratio of the major protein composition was G/TP 41%, P/TP 21%, and G/P ratios of 1.97”
Claim · model-written summary
Gohyakumangoku had a higher glutelin to total protein ratio.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Gohyakumangokue0
- Outcome
- G/TP ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gohyakumangoku and Yamadanishiki had higher G/TP ratio”
t0“Japonica Rice Grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Yamadanishiki had a higher glutelin to total protein ratio.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Yamadanishikie0
- Outcome
- G/TP ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gohyakumangoku and Yamadanishiki had higher G/TP ratio”
t0“Japonica Rice Grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Dewanosato had a lower glutelin to total protein ratio.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Dewanosatoe0
- Outcome
- G/TP ratioe1
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while Dewanosato had a lower value”
e1“Gohyakumangoku and Yamadanishiki had higher G/TP ratio”
t0“Japonica Rice Grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Yamadanishiki and Dewanosato varied significantly in glutelin to total protein ratio despite lower crude protein.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Yamadanishiki and Dewanosatoe0
- Outcome
- G/TP ratiose0
- Direction
- varyinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Despite having lower crude protein contents, Yamadanishiki and Dewanosato exhibited significantly varying G/TP ratios”
t0“Japonica Rice Grains”
Claim · model-written summary
The glutelin to total protein ratio varied markedly among varieties, especially in the central grain.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- central regione0
- Outcome
- G/TP ratioe0
- Direction
- markedly variede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The G/TP ratio markedly varied among rice varieties, particularly in the rice grains’ central region”
t0“Japonica Rice Grains”
Claim · model-written summary
The 50-30% fraction had the highest prolamin to total protein ratio.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- 50-30% fractione0
- Outcome
- P/TP ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 50-30% fraction had the highest P/TP ratio among all tested rice varieties”
t0“Japonica Rice Grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Koshihikari had the lowest prolamin to total protein ratio.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Koshihikarie0
- Outcome
- P/TP ratioe0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Koshihikari had the lowest P/TP ratio”
t0“Japonica Rice Grains”
Claim · model-written summary
The 50-30% fraction had the lowest glutelin to prolamin ratio.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- 50-30% fractione0
- Outcome
- G/P ratioe0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 50-30% fraction had the lowest G/P ratio among all tested rice varieties”
t0“Japonica Rice Grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Gohyakumangoku had the highest glutelin to prolamin ratio.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Gohyakumangokue0
- Outcome
- G/P ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gohyakumangoku having the highest G/P ratio”
t0“Japonica Rice Grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Dewanosato had the lowest glutelin to prolamin ratio.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Dewanosatoe0
- Outcome
- G/P valuee0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dewanosato had the lowest G/P value”
t0“Japonica Rice Grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Dewanosato differed significantly from Yamadanishiki in glutelin to prolamin ratio in the 30-0% fraction.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Dewanosatoe0
- Organ / stage
- 30-0% fractione0
- Outcome
- G/P valuee0
- Direction
- differede0
- Comparator
- Yamadanishikie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dewanosato had the lowest G/P value, and this value significantly differed from that of Yamadanishiki in the 30-0% fraction”
t0“Japonica Rice Grains”