Abstract
Allelopathy is the main chemical means in the invasion process of exotic plants and one of the key factors in grassland degradation. In this experiment, we investigated the effects of ethyl acetate phase extract (EAE), n-butanol phase extract (BE) and aqueous phase extract (AE) from the aboveground (stems and leaves) and roots of Ligularia sagitta on seed germination and seedling growth of four Gramineae forages (Poa pratensis L. Festuca ovina L. Elymus nutans Griseb. Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.) in their sympatric domains and one Legosuminae forage (Medicago sativa L.). The chemical components in each phase extract of L. sagitta were determined with UHPLC-MS/MS non-targeted metabolomics, and the differential compounds were screened using Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA). Within a set concentration range, EAE significantly inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of four Gramineae forages. BE and AE acted mainly in the seedling growth stage and did not significantly inhibit forage seed germination. P. pratensis was most sensitive to L. sagitta extracts; at 2.0 mg/mL of EAE from roots, germination energy and germination rate of P. pratensis seeds were 0. L. sagitta extracts inhibited the growth of M. sativa seedlings and did not inhibit its seed germination. A total of 904 compounds were identified with UHPLC-MS/MS, among which 31, 64, 81 and 66 metabolites displayed different accumulation patterns in the four comparison groups (R.EAE vs. R.BE, R.EAE vs. R.AE, SL.EAE vs. SL.BE, SL.EAE vs. SL.AE), respectively. In particular, 9 compounds were found to be common up-regulated differential metabolites in the four comparison groups and were enriched in EAE. Additionally, N,N-dimethylaniline, Caffeic acid, 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde and cis-9-Octadecenoic acid as potential allelochemicals in L. sagitta. The results of this study support efforts at finding alternative control plants for the restoration of poisonous grass-type degraded grasslands.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Ethyl acetate extract inhibited germination and seedling growth of four Gramineae forages.
- Taxon
- four Gramineae foragese0
- Treatment
- EAEe0
- Interactor
- Ligularia sagittaLigularia sagittat0weed
- Outcome
- seed germination and seedling growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“EAE significantly inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of four Gramineae forages”
e1“ethyl acetate phase extract (EAE)”
t0“Ligularia sagitta”
Claim · model-written summary
Butanol extract mainly acted at seedling growth and did not significantly inhibit forage germination.
- Taxon
- foragee0
- Treatment
- BEe0
- Interactor
- Ligularia sagittaLigularia sagittat0weed
- Outcome
- forage seed germinatione0
- Direction
- did not significantly inhibite0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“BE and AE acted mainly in the seedling growth stage and did not significantly inhibit forage seed germination”
e1“n-butanol phase extract (BE)”
t0“Ligularia sagitta”
Claim · model-written summary
Aqueous extract did not significantly inhibit forage germination.
- Taxon
- foragee0
- Treatment
- AEe0
- Interactor
- Ligularia sagittaLigularia sagittat0weed
- Outcome
- forage seed germinatione0
- Direction
- did not significantly inhibite0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“BE and AE acted mainly in the seedling growth stage and did not significantly inhibit forage seed germination”
e1“aqueous phase extract (AE)”
t0“Ligularia sagitta”
Claim · model-written summary
Poa pratensis was the most sensitive forage to the extracts.
- Taxon
- Poa pratensis L.
.jpg?width=60)
Poa pratensise1 - Interactor
- L. sagittaLigularia sagittae0weed
- Outcome
- most sensitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“P. pratensis was most sensitive to L. sagitta extracts”
e1“Poa pratensis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Root ethyl acetate extract at 2.0 mg/mL reduced Poa pratensis germination energy and rate to zero.
- Taxon
- Poa pratensis L.Poa pratensise1
- Treatment
- 2.0 mg/mL of EAE from rootse0
- Interactor
- Ligularia sagittaLigularia sagittat0weed
- Outcome
- germination energy and germination ratee0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- 0e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 2.0 mg/mL of EAE from roots, germination energy and germination rate of P. pratensis seeds were 0”
e1“Poa pratensis L.”
t0“Ligularia sagitta”
Claim · model-written summary
Ligularia extracts inhibited Medicago sativa seedling growth.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.
Medicago sativae1 - Treatment
- L. sagitta extractse0
- Interactor
- L. sagittaLigularia sagittae0weed
- Outcome
- growth of M. sativa seedlingse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“L. sagitta extracts inhibited the growth of M. sativa seedlings”
e1“Medicago sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ligularia extracts did not inhibit Medicago sativa seed germination.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativae1
- Treatment
- L. sagitta extractse0
- Interactor
- L. sagittaLigularia sagittae0weed
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- did not inhibite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“L. sagitta extracts inhibited the growth of M. sativa seedlings and did not inhibit its seed germination”
e1“Medicago sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolomics identified 904 compounds in Ligularia extracts.
- Taxon
- Ligularia sagittaLigularia sagittat0
- Outcome
- compoundse0
- Value
- 904 compoundse0
Verbatim
e0“A total of 904 compounds were identified with UHPLC-MS/MS”
t0“Ligularia sagitta”
Claim · model-written summary
Four extract comparisons had 31, 64, 81 and 66 differential metabolites, respectively.
- Taxon
- Ligularia sagittaLigularia sagittat0
- Outcome
- metabolites displayed different accumulation patternse0
- Value
- 31, 64, 81 and 66 metabolitese0
Verbatim
e0“31, 64, 81 and 66 metabolites displayed different accumulation patterns in the four comparison groups (R.EAE vs. R.BE, R.EAE vs. R.AE, SL.EAE vs. SL.BE, SL.EAE vs. SL.AE), respectively”
t0“Ligularia sagitta”
Claim · model-written summary
Nine differential metabolites were commonly upregulated and enriched in ethyl acetate extract.
- Taxon
- Ligularia sagittaLigularia sagittat0
- Outcome
- common up-regulated differential metabolitese0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
- Value
- 9 compoundse0
Verbatim
e0“9 compounds were found to be common up-regulated differential metabolites in the four comparison groups and were enriched in EAE”
t0“Ligularia sagitta”
Claim · model-written summary
Five named compounds were proposed as potential Ligularia allelochemicals.
- Taxon
- Ligularia sagittaLigularia sagittat0
- Outcome
- potential allelochemicalse0
- Qualifier
- N,N-dimethylaniline, Caffeic acid, 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde and cis-9-Octadecenoic acide0
Verbatim
e0“N,N-dimethylaniline, Caffeic acid, 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde and cis-9-Octadecenoic acid as potential allelochemicals in L. sagitta”
t0“Ligularia sagitta”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · growth · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results differ
41 papers in the same direction as this paper · 59 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
97 papers more in this group
See all 101 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.