Abstract
Mango orchards in Pakistan are mostly irrigated using the basin flood method. A considerable quantity of water is lost from basins and channels through evaporation and seepage. During 2020-21, a study was conducted at Mango Small tree system located in MNS University of Agriculture Multan to examine the effect of drip irrigation systems flow rate and mulching in a split-plot design with two treatments and four replications. Main plot treatments consisted of four drip irrigation systems: Loop, single line drippers, bubbler and double line drippers. Moreover, subplots comprised two levels of mulching: no mulch and organic mulch (hay grass). The plants were irrigated by Drip irrigation on daily basis through Loop drippers of two liters per hour liter per hour (lph), single online line drippers of four lph, bubbler of two hundred lph and double online drippers of four lph discharge capacity from November to March. The drip system at a flow rate of four lph and treated with organic mulch recorded the maximum water use efficiency (6.46 kgha-1mm-1), stomatal conductance (140, 25 mmol-1m-2s-1), sub stomatal conductance (65 mmol-1m-2s-1), leaf photosynthetic rate (6.11 mmol-1m-2s-1) and leaf transpiration rate (1.84 mgm-2s-1). The plant height and scion girth did not show significant differences with changes in water flow rate and organic mulches. The maximum soil temperature (38○ C) was recorded in the non-mulched plot. The application of organic mulches not only enhanced the water use efficiency (WUE) and transpiration rate but also improved chlorophyll contents and the number of flushes.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Drip at four lph with organic mulch gave the maximum water use efficiency of 6.46 kgha-1mm-1
- Taxon
- Mango
_from_India.jpg?width=60)
Mangifera indicae0 - Treatment
- drip system at a flow rate of four lph and treated with organic mulche1
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 6.46 kgha-1mm-1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_from_India.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Mango orchards in Pakistan are mostly irrigated using the basin flood method”
e1“The drip system at a flow rate of four lph and treated with organic mulch recorded the maximum water use efficiency (6.46 kgha-1mm-1), stomatal conductance (140, 25 mmol-1m-2s-1), sub stomatal conductance (65 mmol-1m-2s-1), leaf photosynthetic rate (6.11 mmol-1m-2s-1) and leaf transpiration rate (1.84 mgm-2s-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drip at four lph with organic mulch gave the maximum stomatal conductance of 140, 25 mmol-1m-2s-1
- Taxon
- MangoMangifera indicae0
- Treatment
- drip system at a flow rate of four lph and treated with organic mulche1
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 140, 25 mmol-1m-2s-1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mango orchards in Pakistan are mostly irrigated using the basin flood method”
e1“The drip system at a flow rate of four lph and treated with organic mulch recorded the maximum water use efficiency (6.46 kgha-1mm-1), stomatal conductance (140, 25 mmol-1m-2s-1), sub stomatal conductance (65 mmol-1m-2s-1), leaf photosynthetic rate (6.11 mmol-1m-2s-1) and leaf transpiration rate (1.84 mgm-2s-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drip at four lph with organic mulch gave the maximum sub stomatal conductance of 65 mmol-1m-2s-1
- Taxon
- MangoMangifera indicae0
- Treatment
- drip system at a flow rate of four lph and treated with organic mulche1
- Outcome
- sub stomatal conductancee1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 65 mmol-1m-2s-1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mango orchards in Pakistan are mostly irrigated using the basin flood method”
e1“The drip system at a flow rate of four lph and treated with organic mulch recorded the maximum water use efficiency (6.46 kgha-1mm-1), stomatal conductance (140, 25 mmol-1m-2s-1), sub stomatal conductance (65 mmol-1m-2s-1), leaf photosynthetic rate (6.11 mmol-1m-2s-1) and leaf transpiration rate (1.84 mgm-2s-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drip at four lph with organic mulch gave the maximum leaf photosynthetic rate of 6.11 mmol-1m-2s-1
- Taxon
- MangoMangifera indicae0
- Treatment
- drip system at a flow rate of four lph and treated with organic mulche1
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthetic ratee1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 6.11 mmol-1m-2s-1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mango orchards in Pakistan are mostly irrigated using the basin flood method”
e1“The drip system at a flow rate of four lph and treated with organic mulch recorded the maximum water use efficiency (6.46 kgha-1mm-1), stomatal conductance (140, 25 mmol-1m-2s-1), sub stomatal conductance (65 mmol-1m-2s-1), leaf photosynthetic rate (6.11 mmol-1m-2s-1) and leaf transpiration rate (1.84 mgm-2s-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drip at four lph with organic mulch gave the maximum leaf transpiration rate of 1.84 mgm-2s-1
- Taxon
- MangoMangifera indicae0
- Treatment
- drip system at a flow rate of four lph and treated with organic mulche1
- Outcome
- leaf transpiration ratee1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 1.84 mgm-2s-1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mango orchards in Pakistan are mostly irrigated using the basin flood method”
e1“The drip system at a flow rate of four lph and treated with organic mulch recorded the maximum water use efficiency (6.46 kgha-1mm-1), stomatal conductance (140, 25 mmol-1m-2s-1), sub stomatal conductance (65 mmol-1m-2s-1), leaf photosynthetic rate (6.11 mmol-1m-2s-1) and leaf transpiration rate (1.84 mgm-2s-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height and scion girth of mango did not differ significantly with water flow rate or organic mulch
- Taxon
- MangoMangifera indicae0
- Treatment
- changes in water flow rate and organic mulchese2
- Outcome
- plant height and scion girthe2
- Direction
- did not show significant differencese2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mango orchards in Pakistan are mostly irrigated using the basin flood method”
e2“The plant height and scion girth did not show significant differences with changes in water flow rate and organic mulches”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum soil temperature of 38○ C was recorded in the non-mulched plot of mango
- Taxon
- MangoMangifera indicae0
- Treatment
- non-mulched plote3
- Outcome
- soil temperaturee3
- Direction
- maximume3
- Value
- 38○ Ce3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mango orchards in Pakistan are mostly irrigated using the basin flood method”
e3“The maximum soil temperature (38○ C) was recorded in the non-mulched plot”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic mulches enhanced water use efficiency and transpiration rate of mango
- Taxon
- MangoMangifera indicae0
- Treatment
- application of organic mulchese4
- Outcome
- water use efficiency (WUE) and transpiration ratee4
- Direction
- enhancede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mango orchards in Pakistan are mostly irrigated using the basin flood method”
e4“The application of organic mulches not only enhanced the water use efficiency (WUE) and transpiration rate but also improved chlorophyll contents and the number of flushes”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic mulches improved chlorophyll contents and the number of flushes of mango
- Taxon
- MangoMangifera indicae0
- Treatment
- application of organic mulchese4
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contents and the number of flushese4
- Direction
- improvede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mango orchards in Pakistan are mostly irrigated using the basin flood method”
e4“The application of organic mulches not only enhanced the water use efficiency (WUE) and transpiration rate but also improved chlorophyll contents and the number of flushes”
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