Abstract
This study with the aim of determining the effect of deficit irrigation and mulching on watermelon was conducted with a preliminary experiment in the form of split plots and a design of complete randomized blocks with three replications, in the Research and Education Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources in the south of Kerman province (Jiroft), in 2021-2022.Drip irrigation as the main plot at three levels of 100, 70 and 50% of water requirement and mulching in three levels of crushed date palm leaf, black plastic and no mulch, as the sub-plot, were considered.As results demonstrate, the main and interaction effects of the treatments on stem length, leaf area, yield, water productivity, leaf relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, proline, total phenol, leaf superoxide dismutase enzyme and fruit length and width were significant.The main effects of irrigation and mulching on internode length, membrane stability index and vitamin C, and the main effect of the irrigation on the percentage of fruit dry matter, stem branches, and the main effect of mulching on fruit shape and soluble solids were significant.Fruit pH and total acidity, tasting and lycopene were not significantly affected by the treatments.The highest yield (60.1 ton/ha) was observed in the full irrigation and plastic mulch, and the highest water productivity (15.1 kg/m 3 ) was recorded in the 70% irrigation and plastic mulch, but no significant difference with full irrigation and plastic and date palm leaves mulches.The findings showed that the effectiveness of plastic mulch on the watermelon growth and yield was higher with 100% and 70% irrigation compared to 50% irrigation.The date palm leaf mulch, despite being superior to the control in the full irrigation, had insignificant positive effects in deficit irrigation levels due to its high sodium content (1800 mg/kg).
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation and mulching significantly affected stem length, leaf area and yield of watermelon.
- Taxon
- Watermelon
Citrullus lanatust0 - Treatment
- Deficit Irrigation and Mulchingt0
- Outcome
- stem length, leaf area, yielde1
- Setting
- Jirofte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Mulching on The Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Watermelon”
e0“in the Research and Education Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources in the south of Kerman province (Jiroft), in 2021-2022”
e1“the main and interaction effects of the treatments on stem length, leaf area, yield, water productivity, leaf relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, proline, total phenol, leaf superoxide dismutase enzyme and fruit length and width were significant”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation and mulching significantly affected water productivity, leaf relative water content and photosynthetic pigments of watermelon.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- Deficit Irrigation and Mulchingt0
- Outcome
- water productivity, leaf relative water content, photosynthetic pigmentse1
- Setting
- Jirofte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Mulching on The Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Watermelon”
e0“in the Research and Education Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources in the south of Kerman province (Jiroft), in 2021-2022”
e1“the main and interaction effects of the treatments on stem length, leaf area, yield, water productivity, leaf relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, proline, total phenol, leaf superoxide dismutase enzyme and fruit length and width were significant”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation and mulching significantly affected proline, total phenol and leaf superoxide dismutase of watermelon.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- Deficit Irrigation and Mulchingt0
- Outcome
- proline, total phenol, leaf superoxide dismutase enzymee1
- Setting
- Jirofte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Mulching on The Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Watermelon”
e0“in the Research and Education Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources in the south of Kerman province (Jiroft), in 2021-2022”
e1“the main and interaction effects of the treatments on stem length, leaf area, yield, water productivity, leaf relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, proline, total phenol, leaf superoxide dismutase enzyme and fruit length and width were significant”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation and mulching significantly affected fruit length and width of watermelon.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- Deficit Irrigation and Mulchingt0
- Outcome
- fruit length and widthe1
- Setting
- Jirofte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Mulching on The Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Watermelon”
e0“in the Research and Education Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources in the south of Kerman province (Jiroft), in 2021-2022”
e1“the main and interaction effects of the treatments on stem length, leaf area, yield, water productivity, leaf relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, proline, total phenol, leaf superoxide dismutase enzyme and fruit length and width were significant”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation and mulching main effects were significant for internode length, membrane stability index and vitamin C of watermelon.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- irrigation and mulchinge2
- Outcome
- internode length, membrane stability index and vitamin Ce2
- Setting
- Jirofte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Mulching on The Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Watermelon”
e0“in the Research and Education Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources in the south of Kerman province (Jiroft), in 2021-2022”
e2“The main effects of irrigation and mulching on internode length, membrane stability index and vitamin C, and the main effect of the irrigation on the percentage of fruit dry matter, stem branches, and the main effect of mulching on fruit shape and soluble solids were significant”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation main effect was significant for the percentage of fruit dry matter and stem branches of watermelon.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- irrigatione2
- Outcome
- percentage of fruit dry matter, stem branchese2
- Setting
- Jirofte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Mulching on The Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Watermelon”
e0“in the Research and Education Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources in the south of Kerman province (Jiroft), in 2021-2022”
e2“The main effects of irrigation and mulching on internode length, membrane stability index and vitamin C, and the main effect of the irrigation on the percentage of fruit dry matter, stem branches, and the main effect of mulching on fruit shape and soluble solids were significant”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching main effect was significant for fruit shape and soluble solids of watermelon.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- mulchinge2
- Outcome
- fruit shape and soluble solidse2
- Setting
- Jirofte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Mulching on The Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Watermelon”
e0“in the Research and Education Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources in the south of Kerman province (Jiroft), in 2021-2022”
e2“The main effects of irrigation and mulching on internode length, membrane stability index and vitamin C, and the main effect of the irrigation on the percentage of fruit dry matter, stem branches, and the main effect of mulching on fruit shape and soluble solids were significant”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatments did not significantly affect fruit pH and total acidity of watermelon.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- the treatmentse3
- Outcome
- fruit pH and total aciditye3
- Direction
- not significantly affectede3
- Setting
- Jirofte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Mulching on The Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Watermelon”
e0“in the Research and Education Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources in the south of Kerman province (Jiroft), in 2021-2022”
e3“Fruit pH and total acidity, tasting and lycopene were not significantly affected by the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatments did not significantly affect tasting and lycopene of watermelon fruit.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- the treatmentse3
- Outcome
- tasting and lycopenee3
- Direction
- not significantly affectede3
- Setting
- Jirofte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Mulching on The Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Watermelon”
e0“in the Research and Education Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources in the south of Kerman province (Jiroft), in 2021-2022”
e3“Fruit pH and total acidity, tasting and lycopene were not significantly affected by the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest watermelon yield, 60.1 ton/ha, was observed with full irrigation and plastic mulch.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- full irrigation and plastic mulche4
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 60.1 ton/hae4
- Setting
- Jirofte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Mulching on The Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Watermelon”
e0“in the Research and Education Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources in the south of Kerman province (Jiroft), in 2021-2022”
e4“The highest yield (60.1 ton/ha) was observed in the full irrigation and plastic mulch”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest water productivity, 15.1 kg/m3, was recorded with 70% irrigation and plastic mulch.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- 70% irrigation and plastic mulche5
- Outcome
- water productivitye5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Value
- 15.1 kg/m 3e5
- Setting
- Jirofte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Mulching on The Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Watermelon”
e0“in the Research and Education Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources in the south of Kerman province (Jiroft), in 2021-2022”
e5“the highest water productivity (15.1 kg/m 3 ) was recorded in the 70% irrigation and plastic mulch, but no significant difference with full irrigation and plastic and date palm leaves mulches”
Claim · model-written summary
Water productivity with 70% irrigation and plastic mulch did not differ significantly from full irrigation with plastic or date palm leaf mulch.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- 70% irrigation and plastic mulche5
- Outcome
- water productivitye5
- Direction
- no significant differencee5
- Comparator
- full irrigation and plastic and date palm leaves mulchese5
- Setting
- Jirofte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Mulching on The Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Watermelon”
e0“in the Research and Education Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources in the south of Kerman province (Jiroft), in 2021-2022”
e5“the highest water productivity (15.1 kg/m 3 ) was recorded in the 70% irrigation and plastic mulch, but no significant difference with full irrigation and plastic and date palm leaves mulches”
Claim · model-written summary
Plastic mulch was more effective for watermelon growth and yield with 100% and 70% irrigation than with 50% irrigation.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- plastic mulche6
- Outcome
- growth and yielde6
- Direction
- highere6
- Qualifier
- with 100% and 70% irrigatione6
- Comparator
- 50% irrigatione6
- Setting
- Jirofte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Mulching on The Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Watermelon”
e0“in the Research and Education Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources in the south of Kerman province (Jiroft), in 2021-2022”
e6“The findings showed that the effectiveness of plastic mulch on the watermelon growth and yield was higher with 100% and 70% irrigation compared to 50% irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Date palm leaf mulch was superior to the control under full irrigation in watermelon.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- date palm leaf mulche7
- Outcome
- superiore7
- Direction
- superiore7
- Qualifier
- in the full irrigatione7
- Comparator
- controle7
- Setting
- Jirofte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Mulching on The Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Watermelon”
e0“in the Research and Education Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources in the south of Kerman province (Jiroft), in 2021-2022”
e7“The date palm leaf mulch, despite being superior to the control in the full irrigation, had insignificant positive effects in deficit irrigation levels due to its high sodium content (1800 mg/kg)”
Claim · model-written summary
Date palm leaf mulch had insignificant positive effects on watermelon under deficit irrigation.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- date palm leaf mulche7
- Outcome
- effectse7
- Direction
- positivee7
- Qualifier
- in deficit irrigation levelse7
- Setting
- Jirofte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Mulching on The Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Watermelon”
e0“in the Research and Education Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources in the south of Kerman province (Jiroft), in 2021-2022”
e7“The date palm leaf mulch, despite being superior to the control in the full irrigation, had insignificant positive effects in deficit irrigation levels due to its high sodium content (1800 mg/kg)”
Claim · model-written summary
The insignificant positive effect of date palm leaf mulch under deficit irrigation is attributed to its high sodium content (1800 mg/kg).
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- date palm leaf mulche7
- Compound
- sodium contente7
- Outcome
- effectse7
- Value
- 1800 mg/kge7
- Qualifier
- due to its high sodium contente7
- Setting
- Jirofte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Mulching on The Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Watermelon”
e0“in the Research and Education Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources in the south of Kerman province (Jiroft), in 2021-2022”
e7“The date palm leaf mulch, despite being superior to the control in the full irrigation, had insignificant positive effects in deficit irrigation levels due to its high sodium content (1800 mg/kg)”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.