Abstract
Abstract Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is highly efficient in the biological N 2 fixation (BNF) process through the association of bacteria of the genus Bradyrhizobium in the root nodules of the plants. However, there are still doubts about the need to complement soybean N demand through N fertilization in high‐yield environments. In addition, the real impact of co‐inoculation of soybean with Azospirillum brasilense and Bradyrhizobium spp. is not yet clear in such environments. A field experiment was conducted from 2012 to 2021 with six soybean cropping seasons in a crop rotation scheme with black oat ( Avena strigosa Schreb), maize ( Zea mays L.), and wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) under no‐till (NT) in Southern Brazil. Soybean seeds were co‐inoculated with A. brasilense (strains Ab‐V5 and Ab‐V6) shortly after inoculation with B radyrhizobium japonicum , and different levels of N fertilization were used in top dressing at the start of pod formation (R 3 ). Soybean nutritional status and grain yield were not benefited by co‐inoculation with A. brasilense . Since the increased inoculum rate of A. brasilense co‐inoculated with rhizobia in soybean compromised both N nutrition and grain yield, this practice should not be encouraged. There was no need to complement soybean N demand through N fertilization during the reproductive stage. Soybean achieved grain yields of 5.0–5.7 Mg ha −1 and, even so, there was no need to complement N demand through N fertilization. The results suggest that soybean N demand in a high‐yielding environment under NT could be satisfied exclusively through the optimization of BNF.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense did not benefit soybean nutritional status or grain yield.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- co‐inoculated with A. brasilensee1
- Interactor
- A. brasilense
Azospirillum brasilensee1symbiont - Second interactor
- B radyrhizobium japonicume1symbiont
- Outcome
- nutritional status and grain yielde2
- Direction
- not benefitede2
- Setting
- Southern Brazile4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e1“Soybean seeds were co‐inoculated with A. brasilense (strains Ab‐V5 and Ab‐V6) shortly after inoculation with B radyrhizobium japonicum”
e2“Soybean nutritional status and grain yield were not benefited by co‐inoculation with A. brasilense”
e4“under no‐till (NT) in Southern Brazil”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased inoculum rate of Azospirillum brasilense co-inoculated with rhizobia compromised soybean N nutrition and grain yield.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- increased inoculum rate of A. brasilensee3
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee3symbiont
- Second interactor
- rhizobiae3symbiont
- Outcome
- N nutrition and grain yielde3
- Direction
- compromisede3
- Setting
- Southern Brazile4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e3“the increased inoculum rate of A. brasilense co‐inoculated with rhizobia in soybean compromised both N nutrition and grain yield”
e4“under no‐till (NT) in Southern Brazil”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation of soybean with increased inoculum rate of Azospirillum brasilense should not be encouraged.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- this practicee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e4“this practice should not be encouraged”
Claim · model-written summary
Late N fertilization at the reproductive stage was not needed to complement soybean N demand.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- reproductive stagee5
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione5
- Outcome
- complement soybean N demande5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
- Setting
- Southern Brazile4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e5“There was no need to complement soybean N demand through N fertilization during the reproductive stage”
e4“under no‐till (NT) in Southern Brazil”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean achieved grain yields of 5.0–5.7 Mg ha −1 in the high-yielding environment.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse6
- Value
- 5.0–5.7 Mg ha −1e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e6“Soybean achieved grain yields of 5.0–5.7 Mg ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean N demand could be satisfied exclusively through the optimization of biological N2 fixation.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- the optimization of BNFe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e7“The results suggest that soybean N demand in a high‐yielding environment under NT could be satisfied exclusively through the optimization of BNF”
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