Abstract
Abstract Background Green nanoparticles are considered to be an effective strategy for improving phytochemicals and raising productivity in soil infected by root-knot nematodes. This work aims to understand the characteristics of certain nanomaterials, including non-iron (nFe), green non-iron (GnFe), and green magnetic nanobiochar (GMnB), and the effect of adding them at 3 and 6 mg kg − 1 on phytochemicals and tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) plant growth in soils infected by root-knot nematodes. Results Spectroscopic characterization of nanomaterials showed that nFe, GnFe, and GMnB contained functional groups (e.g., Fe-O, S-H, C-H, OH, and C = C) and possessed a large surface area. Application of GMB at 6 mg kg − 1 was the most efficient treatment for increasing the phytochemicals of the tomato plant, with a rise of 123.2% in total phenolic, 194.7% in total flavonoids, 89.7% in total carbohydrate, 185.2% in total free amino acids, and 165.1% in total tannin compared to the untreated soil. Tomato plant growth and attributes increased with increasing levels of soil nano-amendment in this investigation. The addition of GnFe 3 and GnFe 6 increased the reduction of root galls of root-knot nematodes by 22.44% and 17.76% compared with nFe 3 and nFe 6 , respectively. The inclusion of the examined soil nano-amendments increased phytochemicals and reduced the total number of root-knot nematodes on tomato plants at varying rates, which played a significant role in enhancing tomato growth. Conclusions In conclusion, treating tomato plants with GnFe or GMnB can be used as a promising green nanomaterial to eliminate root-knot nematodes and increase tomato yield in sandy clay loam soil.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Application of GMB at 6 mg kg − 1 raised total phenolic of tomato plants by 123.2% compared with untreated soil.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- Application of GMB at 6 mg kg − 1e1
- Outcome
- total phenolice2
- Direction
- increasinge1
- Value
- 123.2%e2
- Comparator
- untreated soile3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Application of GMB at 6 mg kg − 1 was the most efficient treatment for increasing the phytochemicals of the tomato plant”
e2“123.2% in total phenolic”
e3“compared to the untreated soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of GMB at 6 mg kg − 1 raised total flavonoids of tomato plants by 194.7% compared with untreated soil.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Application of GMB at 6 mg kg − 1e1
- Outcome
- total flavonoidse2
- Direction
- increasinge1
- Value
- 194.7%e2
- Comparator
- untreated soile3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Application of GMB at 6 mg kg − 1 was the most efficient treatment for increasing the phytochemicals of the tomato plant”
e2“194.7% in total flavonoids”
e3“compared to the untreated soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of GMB at 6 mg kg − 1 raised total carbohydrate of tomato plants by 89.7% compared with untreated soil.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Application of GMB at 6 mg kg − 1e1
- Outcome
- total carbohydratee2
- Direction
- increasinge1
- Value
- 89.7%e2
- Comparator
- untreated soile3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Application of GMB at 6 mg kg − 1 was the most efficient treatment for increasing the phytochemicals of the tomato plant”
e2“89.7% in total carbohydrate”
e3“compared to the untreated soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of GMB at 6 mg kg − 1 raised total free amino acids of tomato plants by 185.2% compared with untreated soil.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Application of GMB at 6 mg kg − 1e1
- Outcome
- total free amino acidse2
- Direction
- increasinge1
- Value
- 185.2%e2
- Comparator
- untreated soile3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Application of GMB at 6 mg kg − 1 was the most efficient treatment for increasing the phytochemicals of the tomato plant”
e2“185.2% in total free amino acids”
e3“compared to the untreated soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of GMB at 6 mg kg − 1 raised total tannin of tomato plants by 165.1% compared with untreated soil.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Application of GMB at 6 mg kg − 1e1
- Outcome
- total tannine2
- Direction
- increasinge1
- Value
- 165.1%e2
- Comparator
- untreated soile3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Application of GMB at 6 mg kg − 1 was the most efficient treatment for increasing the phytochemicals of the tomato plant”
e2“165.1% in total tannin”
e3“compared to the untreated soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato plant growth and attributes increased with increasing levels of soil nano-amendment.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- soil nano-amendmente1
- Outcome
- plant growth and attributese1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Tomato plant growth and attributes increased with increasing levels of soil nano-amendment”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding GnFe 3 increased the reduction of root galls of root-knot nematodes by 22.44% compared with nFe 3.
- Treatment
- addition of GnFe 3e1
- Interactor
- root-knot nematodes
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogynee1pathogen - Outcome
- reduction of root galls of root-knot nematodese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 22.44%e1
- Comparator
- nFe 3e1
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“The addition of GnFe 3 and GnFe 6 increased the reduction of root galls of root-knot nematodes by 22.44% and 17.76% compared with nFe 3 and nFe 6 , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding GnFe 6 increased the reduction of root galls of root-knot nematodes by 17.76% compared with nFe 6.
- Treatment
- GnFe 6e1
- Interactor
- root-knot nematodesMeloidogynee1pathogen
- Outcome
- reduction of root galls of root-knot nematodese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 17.76%e1
- Comparator
- nFe 6e1
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The addition of GnFe 3 and GnFe 6 increased the reduction of root galls of root-knot nematodes by 22.44% and 17.76% compared with nFe 3 and nFe 6 , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The soil nano-amendments reduced the total number of root-knot nematodes on tomato plants at varying rates.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- soil nano-amendmentse1
- Interactor
- root-knot nematodesMeloidogynee1pathogen
- Outcome
- total number of root-knot nematodese1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The inclusion of the examined soil nano-amendments increased phytochemicals and reduced the total number of root-knot nematodes on tomato plants at varying rates”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that treating tomato plants with GnFe or GMnB can serve as a promising green nanomaterial to eliminate root-knot nematodes and increase tomato yield in sandy clay loam soil.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- GnFe or GMnBe1
- Interactor
- root-knot nematodesMeloidogynee1pathogen
- Outcome
- eliminate root-knot nematodes and increase tomato yielde1
- Setting
- sandy clay loam soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“treating tomato plants with GnFe or GMnB can be used as a promising green nanomaterial to eliminate root-knot nematodes and increase tomato yield in sandy clay loam soil”
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