Abstract
Introduction: To address issues related to shallow soil tillage, low soil nutrient content, and single tillage method in maize production in the Western Inner Mongolia Region, this study implemented various tillage and straw return techniques, including strip cultivation, subsoiling, deep tillage, no-tillage, straw incorporation with strip cultivation, straw incorporation with subsoiling, straw incorporation with deep tillage, and straw incorporation with no tillage, while using conventional shallow spinning by farmers as the control. Methods: We employed Xianyu 696 (XY696) and Ximeng 6 (XM6) as experimental materials to assess maize 100-grains weight, grain filling rate parameters, and grain nutrient quality. This investigation aimed to elucidate how tillage and straw return influence the accumulation of grain material in different maize varieties. Results and discussion: The results indicated that proper implementation of tillage and straw return had a significant impact on the 100-grains weight of both varieties. In comparison to CK (farmer's rotary rotation), the most notable rise in 100-grains weight was observed under the DPR treatment (straw incorporation with deep tillage), with a maximum increase of 4.84% for XY696 and 6.28% for XM6. The proper implementation of tillage and straw return in the field resulted in discernible differences in the stages of improving the grain filling rates of different maize varieties. Specifically, XY696 showed a predominant increase in the filling rate during the early stage (V1), while XM6 exhibited an increase in the filling rates during the middle and late stages (V2 and V3). In comparison to CK, V1 increased by 1.54% to 27.56% in XY696, and V2 and V3 increased by 0.41% to 10.42% in XM6 under various tillage and straw return practices. The proper implementation of tillage and straw return had a significant impact on the nutritional quality of the grains in each variety. In comparison to CK, the DPR treatment resulted in the most pronounced decrease in the soluble sugar content of grains by 25.43% and the greatest increase in the crude fat content of grains by 9.67%. Conclusion: Ultimately, the proper implementation of soil tillage and straw return facilitated an increase in grain crude fat content and significantly boosted grain weight by improving the grouting rate parameters at all stages for various maize varieties. Additionally, the utilization of DPR treatment proved to be more effective. Overall, DPR is the most promising strategy to improve maize yield and the nutritional quality of grain in the long term in the Western Inner Mongolia Region.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
DPR increased XY696 100 grain weight by up to 4.84% versus CK.
- Material
- XY696e0
- Treatment
- DPR treatment (straw incorporation with deep tillage)e0
- Outcome
- 100-grains weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 4.84%e0
- Comparator
- CKe1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the most notable rise in 100-grains weight was observed under the DPR treatment (straw incorporation with deep tillage), with a maximum increase of 4.84% for XY696 and 6.28% for XM6.”
t0“maize”
e1“In comparison to CK (farmer's rotary rotation)”
Claim · model-written summary
DPR increased XM6 100 grain weight by up to 6.28% versus CK.
- Material
- XM6e0
- Treatment
- DPR treatment (straw incorporation with deep tillage)e0
- Outcome
- 100-grains weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 6.28%e0
- Comparator
- CKe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the most notable rise in 100-grains weight was observed under the DPR treatment (straw incorporation with deep tillage), with a maximum increase of 4.84% for XY696 and 6.28% for XM6.”
t0“maize”
e1“In comparison to CK (farmer's rotary rotation)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage and straw return predominantly increased early stage filling in XY696.
- Material
- XY696e0
- Treatment
- tillage and straw returne1
- Outcome
- filling rate during the early stage (V1)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“XY696 showed a predominant increase in the filling rate during the early stage (V1)”
t0“maize”
e1“The proper implementation of tillage and straw return in the field resulted in discernible differences”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage and straw return increased middle and late filling in XM6.
- Material
- XM6e0
- Treatment
- tillage and straw returne1
- Outcome
- filling rates during the middle and late stages (V2 and V3)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“XM6 exhibited an increase in the filling rates during the middle and late stages (V2 and V3)”
t0“maize”
e1“The proper implementation of tillage and straw return in the field resulted in discernible differences”
Claim · model-written summary
Across tillage treatments, XY696 early filling rate increased by 1.54% to 27.56% relative to CK.
- Material
- XY696e0
- Treatment
- various tillage and straw return practicese0
- Outcome
- V1e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.54% to 27.56%e0
- Comparator
- CKe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“V1 increased by 1.54% to 27.56% in XY696, and V2 and V3 increased by 0.41% to 10.42% in XM6 under various tillage and straw return practices.”
t0“maize”
e1“In comparison to CK, V1 increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Across tillage treatments, XM6 middle and late filling rates increased by 0.41% to 10.42% relative to CK.
- Material
- XM6e0
- Treatment
- various tillage and straw return practicese0
- Outcome
- V2 and V3e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.41% to 10.42%e0
- Comparator
- CKe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“V1 increased by 1.54% to 27.56% in XY696, and V2 and V3 increased by 0.41% to 10.42% in XM6 under various tillage and straw return practices.”
t0“maize”
e1“In comparison to CK, V1 increased”
Claim · model-written summary
DPR decreased maize grain soluble sugar content by 25.43% versus CK.
- Treatment
- DPR treatmente0
- Outcome
- soluble sugar content of grainse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 25.43%e0
- Comparator
- CKe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the DPR treatment resulted in the most pronounced decrease in the soluble sugar content of grains by 25.43% and the greatest increase in the crude fat content of grains by 9.67%.”
t0“maize”
e1“In comparison to CK, the DPR treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
DPR increased maize grain crude fat content by 9.67% versus CK.
- Treatment
- DPR treatmente0
- Outcome
- crude fat content of grainse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 9.67%e0
- Comparator
- CKe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the DPR treatment resulted in the most pronounced decrease in the soluble sugar content of grains by 25.43% and the greatest increase in the crude fat content of grains by 9.67%.”
t0“maize”
e1“In comparison to CK, the DPR treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed higher grain weight to improved filling parameters at all stages.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly boosted grain weight by improving the grouting rate parameters at all stages for various maize varieties.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
DPR was recommended as the most promising long term strategy for maize yield and grain nutritional quality in Western Inner Mongolia.
- Outcome
- DPR is the most promising strategy to improve maize yield and the nutritional quality of graine0
- Setting
- Western Inner Mongolia Regione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DPR is the most promising strategy to improve maize yield and the nutritional quality of grain in the long term in the Western Inner Mongolia Region.”
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