Abstract
In plants, secondary metabolites change in response to environmental conditions. These changes co-regulate resilience to stressful environmental conditions, plant growth and development, and interactions between plants and the wider ecosystem, while also affecting soil carbon storage and atmospheric and climatic conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the association between UV exposure and the contents of key metabolites, including amino acids, phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, carotenoids, tocopherols, and phytosterols. Mentha spicata plantlets were grown in tissue culture boxes for 30 days and then exposed to a low dose of broadband UV-B (291–315 nm; 2.8 kJm−2 biologically effective UV) enriched light for eight days. Metabolite contents were quantified either immediately after the final UV exposure, or after seven days of recovery under photosynthetically active radiation. It was found that UV promoted the production of flavonoids (1.8-fold) ahead of phenolic acids (unchanged). Furthermore, the majority of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, constituents of valuable mint essential oil, were significantly increased through UV treatment (up to 90-fold for α-linalool). In contrast, the contents of carotenoids and tocopherols did not increase following UV exposure. A comparison between plants sampled immediately after UV exposure and after seven days of recovery showed that there was an overall increase in the content of carotenoids, mono- and sesquiterpenes, phenolics, and amino acids following recovery, while the contents of sterols and tocopherols decreased. These UV-induced changes in metabolite profile may have important consequences for agriculture, ecology, and even the global climate, and they also provide an exciting opportunity to enhance crop value, facilitating the development of improved products with higher levels of essential oils and added benefits of enhanced flavour, colour, and bioactive content.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
UV increased flavonoid production 1.8 fold.
- Taxon
- Mentha spicata
Mentha spicatat0 - Treatment
- UVe0
- Outcome
- production of flavonoidse0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Value
- 1.8-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UV promoted the production of flavonoids (1.8-fold)”
t0“Mentha spicata”
Claim · model-written summary
UV left phenolic acids unchanged.
- Taxon
- Mentha spicataMentha spicatat0
- Treatment
- UVt1
- Outcome
- phenolic acidse0
- Direction
- unchangede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phenolic acids (unchanged)”
t0“Mentha spicata”
t1“Comprehensive Modulation of Secondary Metabolites in Terpenoid-Accumulating Mentha spicata L. via UV Radiation”
Claim · model-written summary
UV significantly increased most monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes.
- Taxon
- Mentha spicataMentha spicatat0
- Treatment
- UV treatmente0
- Outcome
- monoterpenes and sesquiterpenese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the majority of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, constituents of valuable mint essential oil, were significantly increased through UV treatment”
t0“Mentha spicata”
Claim · model-written summary
UV increased alpha linalool up to 90 fold.
- Taxon
- Mentha spicataMentha spicatat0
- Treatment
- UVt1
- Outcome
- α-linaloole0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 90-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“up to 90-fold for α-linalool”
t0“Mentha spicata”
t1“Comprehensive Modulation of Secondary Metabolites in Terpenoid-Accumulating Mentha spicata L. via UV Radiation”
Claim · model-written summary
Carotenoids and tocopherols did not increase after UV.
- Taxon
- Mentha spicataMentha spicatat0
- Treatment
- UV exposuree0
- Outcome
- contents of carotenoids and tocopherolse0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the contents of carotenoids and tocopherols did not increase following UV exposure”
t0“Mentha spicata”
Claim · model-written summary
Recovery increased carotenoids, mono and sesquiterpenes, and phenolics.
- Taxon
- Mentha spicataMentha spicatat0
- Outcome
- carotenoids, mono- and sesquiterpenes, phenolicse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was an overall increase in the content of carotenoids, mono- and sesquiterpenes, phenolics, and amino acids following recovery”
t0“Mentha spicata”
Claim · model-written summary
Recovery increased amino acid contents.
- Taxon
- Mentha spicataMentha spicatat0
- Outcome
- amino acidse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was an overall increase in the content of carotenoids, mono- and sesquiterpenes, phenolics, and amino acids following recovery”
t0“Mentha spicata”
Claim · model-written summary
Recovery decreased sterols and tocopherols.
- Taxon
- Mentha spicataMentha spicatat0
- Outcome
- sterols and tocopherolse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the contents of sterols and tocopherols decreased”
t0“Mentha spicata”
The same questions in other papers
uv · molecular: metabolites · Mentha spicata (spearmint)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
uv · quality: phytochemicals · Mentha spicata (spearmint)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
uv · physiology: pigments · Mentha spicata (spearmint)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.