Abstract
Climate change and global warming significantly impact agriculture, particularly maize (Zea mays L.), a crucial global food, feed, and industrial crop. From 2011 to 2020, the global surface temperature rose by 1.09°C compared to the 1850–1900 baseline, with projections suggesting a further increase, potentially reaching 3°C by 2100. This rise in temperature, driven by greenhouse gas emissions, adversely affects maize, especially during heat stress conditions above 35°C, causing irreversible damage to nutrient uptake, chlorophyll content, and biomass accumulation. Heat stress during critical growth stages, particularly the reproductive phase, leads to pollen sterility, poor seed set, and grain abortion, reducing maize yields by an average of 7.4% per degree Celsius rise. Additionally, heat stress increases oxidative stress and disrupts cellular structures, impairing plant growth. Future research should focus on breeding heat-tolerant maize varieties and optimizing agronomic practices. Advanced genomic tools and biotechnological approaches can accelerate the identification and manipulation of genes involved in heat tolerance. Plant growth regulators such as gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, and salicylic acid show promise in enhancing maize resilience by modulating physiological responses and stress adaptation mechanisms. Interdisciplinary collaboration and innovative technologies are essential for developing effective strategies to ensure sustainable maize production in the face of climate change.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress above 35°C causes irreversible damage to maize nutrient uptake, chlorophyll content and biomass accumulation.
- Treatment
- heat stress conditions above 35°Ce1
- Outcome
- nutrient uptake, chlorophyll content, and biomass accumulatione1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
e1“adversely affects maize, especially during heat stress conditions above 35°C, causing irreversible damage to nutrient uptake, chlorophyll content, and biomass accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress during the reproductive phase leads to pollen sterility, poor seed set and grain abortion in maize.
- Organ / stage
- reproductive phasee2
- Treatment
- Heat stresse2
- Outcome
- pollen sterility, poor seed set, and grain abortione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
e2“Heat stress during critical growth stages, particularly the reproductive phase, leads to pollen sterility, poor seed set, and grain abortion”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize yields are reduced by an average of 7.4% per degree Celsius rise in temperature.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
e3“reducing maize yields by an average of 7.4% per degree Celsius rise”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress increases oxidative stress in maize and impairs plant growth.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
e4“Additionally, heat stress increases oxidative stress and disrupts cellular structures, impairing plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Future research should focus on breeding heat-tolerant maize varieties and optimizing agronomic practices.
- Outcome
- breeding heat-tolerant maize varietiese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Future research should focus on breeding heat-tolerant maize varieties and optimizing agronomic practices”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant growth regulators such as gibberellic acid, abscisic acid and salicylic acid may enhance maize resilience to heat stress.
- Treatment
- Plant growth regulatorse6
- Compound
- gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, and salicylic acide6
- Outcome
- resiliencee6
- Direction
- enhancinge6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Plant growth regulators such as gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, and salicylic acid show promise in enhancing maize resilience”