Effect of zinc and sulphur on growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P) during Kharif, 2023. The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), organic carbon (0.75%), available N (269.96 kg/ha), available P (33.10 kg/ha), and available K (336 kg/ha). The treatments applied were of zinc and sulphur. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments each replicated thrice. Based on the objectives taken maximum plant height (117.14 cm), number of total tillers (5.02), days to 50 percent panicle emergence (57.33), days to maturity (97.33), plant dry weight (60.85 g/plant), effective tillers/m2 (392.54), panicle length (28.41 cm), grain yield/hill (28.63 g/hill), filled grains/panicle (252.45), grain yield (3.95 t/ha), straw yield (6.83 t/ha) were recorded significantly higher in treatment combination of 8 kg/ha zinc + 45 kg/ha Sulphur. Similarly, the maximum gross returns (₹ 123440.00/ha), net returns (₹ 83472.00/ha), and benefit: cost ratio (2.09) were recorded higher in treatment combination of 8 kg/ha zinc + 45 kg/ha Sulphur.

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Claims 14

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

plant height reached 117.14 cm and was significantly higher with 8 kg/ha zinc plus 45 kg/ha sulphur.

Taxon: rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
Treatment: 8 kg/ha zinc + 45 kg/ha Sulphure0
Outcome: plant heighte0
Direction: highere0
Value: 117.14 cme0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Oryza sativa* · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0
“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–72 · show in text ↑

e0
“maximum plant height (117.14 cm), number of total tillers (5.02), days to 50 percent panicle emergence (57.33), days to maturity (97.33), plant dry weight (60.85 g/plant), effective tillers/m2 (392.54), panicle length (28.41 cm), grain yield/hill (28.63 g/hill), filled grains/panicle (252.45), grain yield (3.95 t/ha), straw yield (6.83 t/ha) were recorded significantly higher in treatment combination of 8 kg/ha zinc + 45 kg/ha Sulphur”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 514–952 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

number of total tillers reached 5.02 and was significantly higher with 8 kg/ha zinc plus 45 kg/ha sulphur.

Taxon: rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
Treatment: 8 kg/ha zinc + 45 kg/ha Sulphure0
Outcome: number of total tillerse0
Direction: highere0
Value: 5.02e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–72 · show in text ↑

e0
“maximum plant height (117.14 cm), number of total tillers (5.02), days to 50 percent panicle emergence (57.33), days to maturity (97.33), plant dry weight (60.85 g/plant), effective tillers/m2 (392.54), panicle length (28.41 cm), grain yield/hill (28.63 g/hill), filled grains/panicle (252.45), grain yield (3.95 t/ha), straw yield (6.83 t/ha) were recorded significantly higher in treatment combination of 8 kg/ha zinc + 45 kg/ha Sulphur”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 514–952 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

days to 50 percent panicle emergence reached 57.33 and was significantly higher with 8 kg/ha zinc plus 45 kg/ha sulphur.

Taxon: rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
Treatment: 8 kg/ha zinc + 45 kg/ha Sulphure0
Outcome: days to 50 percent panicle emergencee0
Direction: highere0
Value: 57.33e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–72 · show in text ↑

e0
“maximum plant height (117.14 cm), number of total tillers (5.02), days to 50 percent panicle emergence (57.33), days to maturity (97.33), plant dry weight (60.85 g/plant), effective tillers/m2 (392.54), panicle length (28.41 cm), grain yield/hill (28.63 g/hill), filled grains/panicle (252.45), grain yield (3.95 t/ha), straw yield (6.83 t/ha) were recorded significantly higher in treatment combination of 8 kg/ha zinc + 45 kg/ha Sulphur”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 514–952 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

days to maturity reached 97.33 and was significantly higher with 8 kg/ha zinc plus 45 kg/ha sulphur.

Taxon: rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
Treatment: 8 kg/ha zinc + 45 kg/ha Sulphure0
Outcome: days to maturitye0
Direction: highere0
Value: 97.33e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–72 · show in text ↑

e0
“maximum plant height (117.14 cm), number of total tillers (5.02), days to 50 percent panicle emergence (57.33), days to maturity (97.33), plant dry weight (60.85 g/plant), effective tillers/m2 (392.54), panicle length (28.41 cm), grain yield/hill (28.63 g/hill), filled grains/panicle (252.45), grain yield (3.95 t/ha), straw yield (6.83 t/ha) were recorded significantly higher in treatment combination of 8 kg/ha zinc + 45 kg/ha Sulphur”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 514–952 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

plant dry weight reached 60.85 g/plant and was significantly higher with 8 kg/ha zinc plus 45 kg/ha sulphur.

Taxon: rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
Treatment: 8 kg/ha zinc + 45 kg/ha Sulphure0
Outcome: plant dry weighte0
Direction: highere0
Value: 60.85 g/plante0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–72 · show in text ↑

e0
“maximum plant height (117.14 cm), number of total tillers (5.02), days to 50 percent panicle emergence (57.33), days to maturity (97.33), plant dry weight (60.85 g/plant), effective tillers/m2 (392.54), panicle length (28.41 cm), grain yield/hill (28.63 g/hill), filled grains/panicle (252.45), grain yield (3.95 t/ha), straw yield (6.83 t/ha) were recorded significantly higher in treatment combination of 8 kg/ha zinc + 45 kg/ha Sulphur”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 514–952 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

effective tillers/m2 reached 392.54 and was significantly higher with 8 kg/ha zinc plus 45 kg/ha sulphur.

Taxon: rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
Treatment: 8 kg/ha zinc + 45 kg/ha Sulphure0
Outcome: effective tillers/m2e0
Direction: highere0
Value: 392.54e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–72 · show in text ↑

e0
“maximum plant height (117.14 cm), number of total tillers (5.02), days to 50 percent panicle emergence (57.33), days to maturity (97.33), plant dry weight (60.85 g/plant), effective tillers/m2 (392.54), panicle length (28.41 cm), grain yield/hill (28.63 g/hill), filled grains/panicle (252.45), grain yield (3.95 t/ha), straw yield (6.83 t/ha) were recorded significantly higher in treatment combination of 8 kg/ha zinc + 45 kg/ha Sulphur”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 514–952 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

panicle length reached 28.41 cm and was significantly higher with 8 kg/ha zinc plus 45 kg/ha sulphur.

Taxon: rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
Treatment: 8 kg/ha zinc + 45 kg/ha Sulphure0
Outcome: panicle lengthe0
Direction: highere0
Value: 28.41 cme0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–72 · show in text ↑

e0
“maximum plant height (117.14 cm), number of total tillers (5.02), days to 50 percent panicle emergence (57.33), days to maturity (97.33), plant dry weight (60.85 g/plant), effective tillers/m2 (392.54), panicle length (28.41 cm), grain yield/hill (28.63 g/hill), filled grains/panicle (252.45), grain yield (3.95 t/ha), straw yield (6.83 t/ha) were recorded significantly higher in treatment combination of 8 kg/ha zinc + 45 kg/ha Sulphur”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 514–952 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

grain yield/hill reached 28.63 g/hill and was significantly higher with 8 kg/ha zinc plus 45 kg/ha sulphur.

Taxon: rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
Treatment: 8 kg/ha zinc + 45 kg/ha Sulphure0
Outcome: grain yield/hille0
Direction: highere0
Value: 28.63 g/hille0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–72 · show in text ↑

e0
“maximum plant height (117.14 cm), number of total tillers (5.02), days to 50 percent panicle emergence (57.33), days to maturity (97.33), plant dry weight (60.85 g/plant), effective tillers/m2 (392.54), panicle length (28.41 cm), grain yield/hill (28.63 g/hill), filled grains/panicle (252.45), grain yield (3.95 t/ha), straw yield (6.83 t/ha) were recorded significantly higher in treatment combination of 8 kg/ha zinc + 45 kg/ha Sulphur”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 514–952 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

filled grains/panicle reached 252.45 and was significantly higher with 8 kg/ha zinc plus 45 kg/ha sulphur.

Taxon: rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
Treatment: 8 kg/ha zinc + 45 kg/ha Sulphure0
Outcome: filled grains/paniclee0
Direction: highere0
Value: 252.45e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–72 · show in text ↑

e0
“maximum plant height (117.14 cm), number of total tillers (5.02), days to 50 percent panicle emergence (57.33), days to maturity (97.33), plant dry weight (60.85 g/plant), effective tillers/m2 (392.54), panicle length (28.41 cm), grain yield/hill (28.63 g/hill), filled grains/panicle (252.45), grain yield (3.95 t/ha), straw yield (6.83 t/ha) were recorded significantly higher in treatment combination of 8 kg/ha zinc + 45 kg/ha Sulphur”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 514–952 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

grain yield reached 3.95 t/ha and was significantly higher with 8 kg/ha zinc plus 45 kg/ha sulphur.

Taxon: rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
Treatment: 8 kg/ha zinc + 45 kg/ha Sulphure0
Outcome: grain yielde0
Direction: highere0
Value: 3.95 t/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–72 · show in text ↑

e0
“maximum plant height (117.14 cm), number of total tillers (5.02), days to 50 percent panicle emergence (57.33), days to maturity (97.33), plant dry weight (60.85 g/plant), effective tillers/m2 (392.54), panicle length (28.41 cm), grain yield/hill (28.63 g/hill), filled grains/panicle (252.45), grain yield (3.95 t/ha), straw yield (6.83 t/ha) were recorded significantly higher in treatment combination of 8 kg/ha zinc + 45 kg/ha Sulphur”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 514–952 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

straw yield reached 6.83 t/ha and was significantly higher with 8 kg/ha zinc plus 45 kg/ha sulphur.

Taxon: rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
Treatment: 8 kg/ha zinc + 45 kg/ha Sulphure0
Outcome: straw yielde0
Direction: highere0
Value: 6.83 t/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–72 · show in text ↑

e0
“maximum plant height (117.14 cm), number of total tillers (5.02), days to 50 percent panicle emergence (57.33), days to maturity (97.33), plant dry weight (60.85 g/plant), effective tillers/m2 (392.54), panicle length (28.41 cm), grain yield/hill (28.63 g/hill), filled grains/panicle (252.45), grain yield (3.95 t/ha), straw yield (6.83 t/ha) were recorded significantly higher in treatment combination of 8 kg/ha zinc + 45 kg/ha Sulphur”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 514–952 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

gross returns reached ₹ 123440.00/ha and was higher with 8 kg/ha zinc plus 45 kg/ha sulphur.

Taxon: rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
Treatment: 8 kg/ha zinc + 45 kg/ha Sulphure0
Outcome: gross returnse0
Direction: highere0
Value: ₹ 123440.00/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–72 · show in text ↑

e0
“maximum gross returns (₹ 123440.00/ha), net returns (₹ 83472.00/ha), and benefit: cost ratio (2.09) were recorded higher in treatment combination of 8 kg/ha zinc + 45 kg/ha Sulphur”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 969–1149 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

net returns reached ₹ 83472.00/ha and was higher with 8 kg/ha zinc plus 45 kg/ha sulphur.

Taxon: rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
Treatment: 8 kg/ha zinc + 45 kg/ha Sulphure0
Outcome: net returnse0
Direction: highere0
Value: ₹ 83472.00/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–72 · show in text ↑

e0
“maximum gross returns (₹ 123440.00/ha), net returns (₹ 83472.00/ha), and benefit: cost ratio (2.09) were recorded higher in treatment combination of 8 kg/ha zinc + 45 kg/ha Sulphur”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 969–1149 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

benefit: cost ratio reached 2.09 and was higher with 8 kg/ha zinc plus 45 kg/ha sulphur.

Taxon: rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
Treatment: 8 kg/ha zinc + 45 kg/ha Sulphure0
Outcome: benefit: cost ratioe0
Direction: highere0
Value: 2.09e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0
“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–72 · show in text ↑

e0
“maximum gross returns (₹ 123440.00/ha), net returns (₹ 83472.00/ha), and benefit: cost ratio (2.09) were recorded higher in treatment combination of 8 kg/ha zinc + 45 kg/ha Sulphur”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 969–1149 · show in text ↑

sulfur atom · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ

51 papers: 47 positive, 4 negative or no effect

46 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction

no effect
Combined nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur deficiencies had no additive synergistic effect on strigolactone production.
Upregulation of DWARF27 is associated with increased strigolactone levels under sulfur deficiency in rice · 2018
Opposite directionAbout lacking this nutrient, so it counts the other way round
negative
In Inceptisol, omission of S reduced rice grain yield by 19.51%.
Assessment of Nutrient Deficiencies in Rice (Oryza sativa) through Nutrient Omission in Vertisol and Inceptisol of Chhattisgarh · 2018
Opposite direction
no effect
Sulphur application at 30 kg/ha did not influence rice-wheat productivity.
Production potential and economic analysis of direct-sown rice (Oryza sativa)- wheat (Triticum aestivum) system as influenced by rice varieties, nutrient management and weed-control measures · 2001
Opposite direction

47 papers more in this group

See all 51 papers →

zinc atom · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ

132 papers: 118 positive, 14 negative or no effect

117 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
Zn below 150 mg/L had no significant influence on rice germination percentage.
Effect of Zinc Sulfate Fortification in Germinated Brown Rice on Seed Zinc Concentration, Bioavailability, and Seed Germination · 2012
Opposite direction
negative
Zinc activity 10−5.6 M and higher reduced growth of rice.
Increased zinc supply does not inhibit cadmium accumulation by rice (Oryza sativaL.) · 2016
Opposite direction
negative
High zinc inhibited root elongation in lsi1 rice.
Silicon suppresses zinc uptake through down‐regulating zinc transporter gene in rice · 2020
Opposite direction

128 papers more in this group

See all 132 papers →

zinc atom · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ

419 papers: 389 positive, 30 negative or no effect

388 papers in the same direction as this paper · 28 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
Foliar-applied Zn, I, Fe or Se did not affect rice grain yield.
Simultaneous Biofortification of Rice With Zinc, Iodine, Iron and Selenium Through Foliar Treatment of a Micronutrient Cocktail in Five Countries · 2020 · compared with local control (LC)
Opposite direction
negative
Foliar Zn application at a late stage was not as effective as soil application in increasing yield attributes and yield of rice.
Relative Efficiency of Zinc-Coated Urea and Soil and Foliar Application of Zinc Sulphate on Yield, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Zinc and Iron Biofortification in Grains and Uptake by Basmati Rice (Oryza sativa L.) · 2015 · compared with soil application
Opposite direction
no effect
Following green manure, reduced P, K, S and Zn doses did not reduce T. Aman yield.
Long‐Term Integrated Nutrient Management for Rice‐Based Cropping Pattern: Effect on Growth, Yield, Nutrient Uptake, Nutrient Balance Sheet, and Soil Fertility · 2007
Opposite direction

415 papers more in this group

See all 419 papers →

zinc atom · phenology · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree

4 papers: 4 positive, 0 negative or no effect

3 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Zinc deficiency delayed maturity of IR72.
Rice crop stage susceptibility to the rice yellow stemborerScirpophaga incertulas(Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) · 2005
Same directionAbout lacking this nutrient, so it counts the other way round
positive
Foliar Zn + Cu + B gave the shortest maturity duration in Kaljade rice (116.3 days after transplanting).
Enhancing rice yields through foliar application of essential micronutrients: A study on zinc, copper, and boron nutrition in context of Nepal · 2024
Same direction
positive
Increasing zinc level increased days from seeding to flowering.
Response of Local rice cultivar to Zinc and Boron application · 2011
Same direction

See all 4 papers →

sulfur atom · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree

21 papers: 21 positive, 0 negative or no effect

20 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Higher sulfur levels increased growth parameters relative to the lower sulfur level.
Sulfur Alleviates Growth Inhibition and Oxidative Stress Caused by Cadmium Toxicity in Rice · 2005 · compared with lower S level (0.2 mmol)
Same direction
positive
Sulfur fertilization significantly increases upland rice growth.
Upland Rice Growth and Mineral Nutrition as Affected by Cultivars and Sulfur Availability · 2012
Same direction
positive
Sulphur application positively affected rice growth parameters.
Effect of sulphur on growth, productivity and economics of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa) · 2014
Same direction

17 papers more in this group

See all 21 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 14

The same questions in other papers

sulfur atom · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ

zinc atom · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ

zinc atom · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ

zinc atom · phenology · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree

sulfur atom · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree