Abstract
This study was performed in order to determine the effects of pigeon manure, chicken manure, and vermicompost on lettuce’s (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia) yield, vegetative growth, element content, and quality characteristics. The study was carried out in greenhouse. In the study, 0% (control), 0.50% pigeon manure, 0.50% chicken manure, and 0.50% vermicompost were applied via drip irrigation. The treatments began 20 days after the seedling planting, at 10-day intervals and four times. The experiment was set up with four replicates as per the randomized blocks experimental design. As per the research findings, the chicken manure significantly increased the lettuce’s average head weight and total yield compared to the control and two other treatments. Even if the pigeon manure and vermicompost increased the yield parameters similar to chicken manure, they were statistically in the same group as the control. The pigeon manure again significantly increased the chlorophyll amount, root’s fresh and dry weight, leaf’s K and Zn content, leaf color’s L value, and fruit juice’s pH content compared to control. On the other hand, vermicompost generated the highest results for the leaf’s Ca and Pb content. The Pb content in the lettuce leaves increased in all the organic fertilizer treatments compared to control, and the highest Pb content was obtained by the vermicompost, chicken manure, and pigeon manure, respectively. The treatments’ effect on the leaf’s Ni content was found to be insignificant. But the vermicompost increased the leaf’s Ni content compared to the control. The treatments’ effect on leaf color’s a* and b* values, brix degree, head diameter, head height, leaf relative water content, and Na, Mg, Cu and Mn contents was again found to be insignificant. In conclusion, it is recommended to apply 0.50% chicken manure in greenhouse lettuce cultivation to obtain large heads and high yield. To achieve bright-colored plants, high chlorophyll content, high root fresh and dry weight, and high potassium and zinc content, 0.50% pigeon manure is suggested. However, 0.50% vermicompost is not recommended for greenhouse lettuce cultivation due to its potential to increase the Pb and Ni heavy metal content in the leaves.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Chicken manure significantly increased mean head weight and yield over control and other fertilizers.
- Taxon
- Lettuce
Lactuca sativat0 - Treatment
- chicken manuree0
- Outcome
- average head weight and total yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- the control and two other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)”
e0“the chicken manure significantly increased the lettuce’s average head weight and total yield compared to the control and two other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Pigeon manure increased yield parameters but was statistically grouped with control.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- pigeon manuree0
- Outcome
- yield parameterse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)”
e0“the pigeon manure and vermicompost increased the yield parameters similar to chicken manure, they were statistically in the same group as the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost increased yield parameters but was statistically grouped with control.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- vermicomposte0
- Outcome
- yield parameterse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)”
e0“the pigeon manure and vermicompost increased the yield parameters similar to chicken manure, they were statistically in the same group as the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Pigeon manure significantly raised chlorophyll amount.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- pigeon manuree0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll amounte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)”
e0“The pigeon manure again significantly increased the chlorophyll amount, root’s fresh and dry weight, leaf’s K and Zn content, leaf color’s L value, and fruit juice’s pH content compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Pigeon manure significantly raised root fresh and dry weight.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- pigeon manuree0
- Outcome
- root’s fresh and dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)”
e0“The pigeon manure again significantly increased the chlorophyll amount, root’s fresh and dry weight, leaf’s K and Zn content, leaf color’s L value, and fruit juice’s pH content compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Pigeon manure significantly increased leaf K and Zn content.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- pigeon manuree0
- Outcome
- leaf’s K and Zn contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)”
e0“The pigeon manure again significantly increased the chlorophyll amount, root’s fresh and dry weight, leaf’s K and Zn content, leaf color’s L value, and fruit juice’s pH content compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Pigeon manure significantly increased leaf color L value and juice pH.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- pigeon manuree0
- Outcome
- leaf color’s L value, and fruit juice’s pH contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)”
e0“The pigeon manure again significantly increased the chlorophyll amount, root’s fresh and dry weight, leaf’s K and Zn content, leaf color’s L value, and fruit juice’s pH content compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost produced the highest leaf calcium content.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- vermicomposte0
- Outcome
- leaf’s Cae0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)”
e0“vermicompost generated the highest results for the leaf’s Ca and Pb content”
Claim · model-written summary
All organic fertilizers increased leaf Pb, with vermicompost highest, followed by chicken and pigeon manure.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- all the organic fertilizer treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Pb content in the lettuce leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)”
e0“The Pb content in the lettuce leaves increased in all the organic fertilizer treatments compared to control, and the highest Pb content was obtained by the vermicompost, chicken manure, and pigeon manure, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer treatments had an insignificant effect on leaf Ni content.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- leaf’s Ni contente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)”
e0“The treatments’ effect on the leaf’s Ni content was found to be insignificant”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost increased leaf Ni relative to control.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- vermicomposte0
- Outcome
- leaf’s Ni contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)”
e0“the vermicompost increased the leaf’s Ni content compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments had insignificant effects on leaf color a* and b*, brix, head dimensions, relative water content and Na, Mg, Cu and Mn.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- leaf color’s a* and b* values, brix degree, head diameter, head height, leaf relative water content, and Na, Mg, Cu and Mn contentse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)”
e0“The treatments’ effect on leaf color’s a* and b* values, brix degree, head diameter, head height, leaf relative water content, and Na, Mg, Cu and Mn contents was again found to be insignificant”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 0.50% chicken manure for large heads and high yield.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- apply 0.50% chicken manuree0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)”
e0“it is recommended to apply 0.50% chicken manure in greenhouse lettuce cultivation to obtain large heads and high yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest 0.50% pigeon manure for bright color, chlorophyll, root mass, potassium and zinc.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- 0.50% pigeon manure is suggestede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)”
e0“To achieve bright-colored plants, high chlorophyll content, high root fresh and dry weight, and high potassium and zinc content, 0.50% pigeon manure is suggested”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise against 0.50% vermicompost because it may increase leaf Pb and Ni.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- 0.50% vermicompost is not recommendede0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)”
e0“0.50% vermicompost is not recommended for greenhouse lettuce cultivation due to its potential to increase the Pb and Ni heavy metal content in the leaves”
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