Abstract
The effects of different concentrations of selenite (2–30 μM) and selenate (2–60 μM) on biomass production, leaf area, and concentrations of photosynthetic pigments in lettuce plants were investigated. On the basis of the obtained results, the threshold of toxicity for the selenite and selenate has been designated. The toxicity thresholds for selenite and selenate were determined at concentrations of 15 and 20 μM, respectively. Next, four selenium (Se) concentrations (2, 4, 6 or 15 μM), below or near the toxicity boundary, have been selected for the lettuce biofortification experiment. In the biofortified plants, the oxidant status (levels of lipid peroxidation and H2O2 concentrations), as well as Se and sulphur (S) accumulation were analysed. In the edible parts of the lettuce, the Se concentration was higher for selenate presence compared to selenite; however, this difference was not as obvious as it was noted in the case of the roots, where selenite application caused the high accumulation of Se. An application of 15 μM Se as selenite caused a decline in the biomass and an intensification of prooxidative processes in the plant’s tissues and as toxic should be excluded from further biofortification experiments. These results indicate that an application of either selenate or selenite to the nutrient solution at concentrations below 15 μM can be used for biofortification of lettuce with Se, evoking better plant growth and not inducing significant changes in the oxidant status, the concentration of assimilation pigments and S accumulation.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Toxicity thresholds were 15 μM for selenite and 20 μM for selenate.
- Taxon
- lettuce plants
Lactuca sativat0 - Compound
- selenite and selenatee1
- Outcome
- toxicity thresholdse1
- Value
- 15 and 20 μMe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce plants under hydroponic conditions”
e1“The toxicity thresholds for selenite and selenate were determined at concentrations of 15 and 20 μM, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenate gave a higher Se concentration in edible lettuce parts than selenite.
- Taxon
- lettuce plantsLactuca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- edible partse2
- Treatment
- selenate presencee2
- Outcome
- Se concentratione2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- selenitee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce plants under hydroponic conditions”
e2“In the edible parts of the lettuce, the Se concentration was higher for selenate presence compared to selenite”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenite application gave a higher Se accumulation in lettuce roots than selenate.
- Taxon
- lettuce plantsLactuca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse3
- Treatment
- selenite applicatione3
- Outcome
- accumulation of See3
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Comparator
- selenatee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce plants under hydroponic conditions”
e2“In the edible parts of the lettuce, the Se concentration was higher for selenate presence compared to selenite”
e3“in the case of the roots, where selenite application caused the high accumulation of Se”
Claim · model-written summary
An application of 15 μM Se as selenite decreased lettuce biomass.
- Taxon
- lettuce plantsLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- An application of 15 μM Se as selenitee4
- Outcome
- biomasse4
- Direction
- declinee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce plants under hydroponic conditions”
e4“An application of 15 μM Se as selenite caused a decline in the biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
An application of 15 μM Se as selenite intensified prooxidative processes in lettuce tissues.
- Taxon
- lettuce plantsLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- An application of 15 μM Se as selenitee4
- Outcome
- prooxidative processese5
- Direction
- intensificatione5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce plants under hydroponic conditions”
e4“An application of 15 μM Se as selenite caused a decline in the biomass”
e5“an intensification of prooxidative processes in the plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenite at 15 μM should be excluded from further biofortification experiments.
- Taxon
- lettuce plantsLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 15 μM Se as selenitee4
- Outcome
- should be excluded from further biofortification experimentse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce plants under hydroponic conditions”
e4“An application of 15 μM Se as selenite caused a decline in the biomass”
e6“as toxic should be excluded from further biofortification experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenate or selenite below 15 μM can be used for biofortification of lettuce with Se.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- an application of either selenate or selenite to the nutrient solution at concentrations below 15 μMe7
- Outcome
- can be used for biofortification of lettuce with See7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce plants under hydroponic conditions”
e7“an application of either selenate or selenite to the nutrient solution at concentrations below 15 μM can be used for biofortification of lettuce with Se”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenate or selenite below 15 μM evoked better lettuce growth.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- an application of either selenate or selenite to the nutrient solution at concentrations below 15 μMe7
- Outcome
- plant growthe1
- Direction
- bettere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce plants under hydroponic conditions”
e7“an application of either selenate or selenite to the nutrient solution at concentrations below 15 μM can be used for biofortification of lettuce with Se”
e1“evoking better plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenate or selenite below 15 μM did not significantly change oxidant status, assimilation pigment concentration or S accumulation in lettuce.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- an application of either selenate or selenite to the nutrient solution at concentrations below 15 μMe7
- Outcome
- oxidant status, the concentration of assimilation pigments and S accumulatione2
- Direction
- not inducing significant changese2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce plants under hydroponic conditions”
e7“an application of either selenate or selenite to the nutrient solution at concentrations below 15 μM can be used for biofortification of lettuce with Se”
e2“not inducing significant changes in the oxidant status, the concentration of assimilation pigments and S accumulation”
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