Abstract
Burdock (Arctium lappa L., belongs to the family Asteraceae), is an edible plant and an oriental medicinal herb in Korea (Han and Koo, 1993). In July 2023, burdocks showing chlorotic ringspots and yellowing on the leaves were observed in nine of approximately 4,000 plants in a greenhouse in Daegu, South Korea. To determine the causal virus species, nine symptomatic leaves from each individual plant were collected and tested using commercially available immunostrips (Agdia, Elkhart, USA) for cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Seven out of nine samples tested positive for TSWV only. TSWV in South Korea was first reported on sweet pepper from Yesan in 2004 (Kim et al., 2004) and has since spread to various crops. The first report of TSWV infecting burdock plants in the world was from Hawaii in 1995 (Bautista et al., 1995), but TSWV-infected burdock has not been reported in Korea. To further confirm the presence of TSWV, total RNA was extracted from TSWV-positive burdock leaves using the RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) and used in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays with a specific primer set that amplifies 777 bp of nucleocapsid gene (N gene) of TSWV (Yoon et al., 2014). To obtain the complete genome sequence of this TSWV in the burdock plant, named TSWV-DG, fragments of L, M, and S segments were amplified and sequenced. The complete genome sequences of the L (8914 nt), M (4773 nt), and S (2946 nt) segments were obtained by overlapping RT-PCR amplicons. RT-PCR products were cloned into the pGEM-T Easy vector, and selected DNA clones were sequenced using Sanger method (Bioneer, Korea). The complete genome sequences were deposited to GenBank (LC790665, LC790666, and LC790667, respectively). BLASTn analysis showed that sequences of each TSWV-DG segment had maximum nucleotide identities of 99.5%, 99.5%, and 99.5% with TSWV-L, TSWV-M, and TSWV-S (OM154971, OM154970, and OM154969, respectively), which were isolated from water dropwort (Oenanthe crocata) in China (Qiu et al., 2023). To assess the biological activity of TSWV-DG, A. lappa and Nicotiana benthamiana were inoculated mechanically with sap from infected burdock leaves and maintained for visual inspection of virus symptoms at 25 ℃ at 3 weeks. TSWV-DG produced symptoms on the systemic leaves of A. lappa, that included chlorotic spots and yellowing, and on the leaves of N. benthamiana, that included chlorotic spots and mosaic patterns from 14 days-post-inoculation. Meanwhile, mock-inoculated A.lappa and N.benthamiana remained symptomless. The presence of TSWV on the inoculated leaves was subsequently confirmed through Immunostrip and RT-PCR analyses. TSWV may pose a significant threat to the production of A. lappa, which is cultivated as both leafy greens and root vegetables in Korea. Furthermore, A. lappa may not only be at risk of damage from TSWV infection but also act as a potential source of TSWV infection, thereby posing a risk of transmission to other key crops in Korea, such as pepper or potato (Yoon et al., 2014). This is the first report TSWV infecting burdock in South Korea.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Nine of approximately 4,000 greenhouse burdock plants showed chlorotic ringspots and leaf yellowing.
- Outcome
- chlorotic ringspots and yellowing on the leavese0
- Value
- nine of approximately 4,000 plantse0
- Setting
- Daegu, South Koreae0
ArctiumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“burdocks showing chlorotic ringspots and yellowing on the leaves were observed in nine of approximately 4,000 plants in a greenhouse in Daegu, South Korea.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven of nine symptomatic burdock samples tested positive only for TSWV.
- Taxon
- Arctium lappa
Arctium lappat0 - Interactor
- TSWV
Orthotospovirus tomatomaculaee0pathogen - Outcome
- tested positive for TSWV onlye0
- Value
- Seven out of ninee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seven out of nine samples tested positive for TSWV only.”
t0“Arctium lappa”
Claim · model-written summary
The complete TSWV-DG L segment was 8914 nt.
- Taxon
- Arctium lappaArctium lappat0
- Outcome
- Le0
- Value
- 8914 nte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The complete genome sequences of the L (8914 nt), M (4773 nt), and S (2946 nt) segments were obtained by overlapping RT-PCR amplicons.”
t0“Arctium lappa”
Claim · model-written summary
The complete TSWV-DG M segment was 4773 nt.
- Taxon
- Arctium lappaArctium lappat0
- Outcome
- Me0
- Value
- 4773 nte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The complete genome sequences of the L (8914 nt), M (4773 nt), and S (2946 nt) segments were obtained by overlapping RT-PCR amplicons.”
t0“Arctium lappa”
Claim · model-written summary
The complete TSWV-DG S segment was 2946 nt.
- Taxon
- Arctium lappaArctium lappat0
- Outcome
- Se0
- Value
- 2946 nte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The complete genome sequences of the L (8914 nt), M (4773 nt), and S (2946 nt) segments were obtained by overlapping RT-PCR amplicons.”
t0“Arctium lappa”
Claim · model-written summary
Each TSWV-DG segment had maximum nucleotide identity of 99.5% with corresponding water dropwort isolates.
- Taxon
- Arctium lappaArctium lappat0
- Interactor
- TSWV-DGe0pathogen
- Outcome
- maximum nucleotide identitiese0
- Value
- 99.5%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sequences of each TSWV-DG segment had maximum nucleotide identities of 99.5%, 99.5%, and 99.5% with TSWV-L, TSWV-M, and TSWV-S”
t0“Arctium lappa”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanical TSWV-DG inoculation caused chlorotic spots and yellowing on systemic A. lappa leaves.
- Taxon
- A. lappaArctium lappae0
- Treatment
- TSWV-DGe0
- Interactor
- TSWV-DGe0pathogen
- Outcome
- chlorotic spots and yellowinge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TSWV-DG produced symptoms on the systemic leaves of A. lappa, that included chlorotic spots and yellowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanical TSWV-DG inoculation caused chlorotic spots and mosaic patterns on N. benthamiana leaves.
- Taxon
- N. benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- chlorotic spots and mosaic patternse0
- Value
- 14 days-post-inoculatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the leaves of N. benthamiana, that included chlorotic spots and mosaic patterns from 14 days-post-inoculation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mock-inoculated A. lappa and N. benthamiana remained symptomless.
- Taxon
- A.lappaArctium lappae0
- Outcome
- remained symptomlesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mock-inoculated A.lappa and N.benthamiana remained symptomless.”
Claim · model-written summary
TSWV presence in inoculated leaves was confirmed by immunostrip and RT-PCR.
- Taxon
- Arctium lappaArctium lappat0
- Interactor
- TSWVOrthotospovirus tomatomaculaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- presence of TSWV on the inoculated leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of TSWV on the inoculated leaves was subsequently confirmed through Immunostrip and RT-PCR analyses.”
t0“Arctium lappa”
Claim · model-written summary
This is the first report of TSWV infecting burdock in South Korea.
- Taxon
- burdocke0
- Interactor
- TSWVOrthotospovirus tomatomaculaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- TSWV infecting burdocke0
- Setting
- South Koreae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This is the first report TSWV infecting burdock in South Korea.”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · disease · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
31 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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