Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Water is a precious commodity for plant growth and metabolism; however, its scarcity and saline sand conditions have a drastic effect on plant growth and development. The main objective of the current study was to understand how silicon (Si) application might help Black gram ( Vigna mungo L.) against the negative impacts of salt stress and drought. The treatments of this study were: no silicon = 0 mg/kg; silicon = 40 mg/kg; control = no stress; drought stress = 50% field capacity (FC); salinity = 10 dSm –1; drought + salinity = 10 dSm –1 + 50% field capacity (FC). The findings showed that the application of silicon in the sand significantly affected growth indices such as leaf area (LA), shoot fresh weight (SFW), shoot dry weight (SDW), and shoot length (SL). Root length (RL) increased significantly up to 55.9% in response to drought stress. Applying Si to the sand increased the root length (RL) by 53.9%. In comparison to the control, the turgor potential of leaves decreased by 10.3% under salinity, while it increased by 44.7% under drought stress. However, the application of silicon to the sand significantly improved the turgor potential of leaves by 98.7%. Under both drought and salt stress, gas exchange characteristics and photosynthetic pigments dramatically decreased. Applying 40 mg/kg silicon to sand improved the gas exchange characteristics, protein contents, and photosynthetic pigments of plants under drought and salt stress, such as levels of chlorophyll ( a, and b ) increased by 18% and 26%, respectively. Under control conditions, the hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) concentration was lower but increased during periods of drought and salinity stress. The concentrations of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were decreased by salt and drought stress and increased by sand application of silicon at a rate of 40 mg/kg. Application of silicon at 40 mg/kg sand rate improved the growth and development under control and stress conditions. Overall, this study provides an extensive understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying the black gram’s ability to withstand under salt stress and drought stress by application of Si which will serve as a roadmap for future cellular research.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon significantly affected leaf area, shoot weights and shoot length.
- Taxon
- Black Gram
Vigna mungot0 - Treatment
- application of silicone0
- Outcome
- leaf area (LA), shoot fresh weight (SFW), shoot dry weight (SDW), and shoot length (SL)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of silicon in the sand significantly affected growth indices such as leaf area (LA), shoot fresh weight (SFW), shoot dry weight (SDW), and shoot length (SL).”
t0“Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)”
e1“Applying 40 mg/kg silicon to sand”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress increased root length by 55.9%.
- Taxon
- Black GramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- Root length (RL)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 55.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root length (RL) increased significantly up to 55.9% in response to drought stress.”
t0“Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)”
e1“Applying 40 mg/kg silicon to sand”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon increased root length by 53.9%.
- Taxon
- Black GramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- Applying Si to the sande0
- Outcome
- root length (RL)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 53.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying Si to the sand increased the root length (RL) by 53.9%.”
t0“Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)”
e1“Applying 40 mg/kg silicon to sand”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced leaf turgor potential by 10.3% relative to control.
- Taxon
- Black GramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- turgor potential of leavese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 10.3%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In comparison to the control, the turgor potential of leaves decreased by 10.3% under salinity”
t0“Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)”
e1“Applying 40 mg/kg silicon to sand”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased leaf turgor potential by 44.7% relative to control.
- Taxon
- Black GramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- turgor potential of leavese1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 44.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while it increased by 44.7% under drought stress.”
t0“Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)”
e1“In comparison to the control, the turgor potential of leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon improved leaf turgor potential by 98.7%.
- Taxon
- Black GramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- application of silicon to the sande0
- Outcome
- turgor potential of leavese0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 98.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of silicon to the sand significantly improved the turgor potential of leaves by 98.7%.”
t0“Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)”
e1“Applying 40 mg/kg silicon to sand”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought and salt stress reduced gas exchange and photosynthetic pigments.
- Taxon
- Black GramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- drought and salt stresse0
- Outcome
- gas exchange characteristics and photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under both drought and salt stress, gas exchange characteristics and photosynthetic pigments dramatically decreased.”
t0“Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)”
e1“Applying 40 mg/kg silicon to sand”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon improved gas exchange and protein contents under drought and salt stress.
- Taxon
- Black GramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- 40 mg/kg silicone0
- Outcome
- gas exchange characteristics, protein contents, and photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying 40 mg/kg silicon to sand improved the gas exchange characteristics, protein contents, and photosynthetic pigments of plants under drought and salt stress”
t0“Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)”
e1“Applying 40 mg/kg silicon to sand”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon increased chlorophyll a by 18%.
- Taxon
- Black GramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- 40 mg/kg silicone1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll ( ae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 18%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“levels of chlorophyll ( a, and b ) increased by 18% and 26%, respectively.”
t0“Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)”
e1“Applying 40 mg/kg silicon to sand”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon increased chlorophyll b by 26%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“levels of chlorophyll ( a, and b ) increased by 18% and 26%, respectively.”
t0“Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)”
e1“Applying 40 mg/kg silicon to sand”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought and salinity increased hydrogen peroxide concentration.
- Taxon
- Black GramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- drought and salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) concentration was lower but increased during periods of drought and salinity stress.”
t0“Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)”
e1“Applying 40 mg/kg silicon to sand”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt and drought stress decreased POD, SOD and CAT concentrations.
- Taxon
- Black GramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- salt and drought stresse0
- Outcome
- concentrations of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentrations of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were decreased by salt and drought stress”
t0“Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)”
e1“Applying 40 mg/kg silicon to sand”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon increased POD, SOD and CAT concentrations.
- Taxon
- Black GramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- sand application of silicon at a rate of 40 mg/kge0
- Outcome
- concentrations of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentrations of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were decreased by salt and drought stress and increased by sand application of silicon at a rate of 40 mg/kg.”
t0“Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)”
e1“Applying 40 mg/kg silicon to sand”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon improved growth and development under control and stress conditions.
- Taxon
- Black GramVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- silicon at 40 mg/kg sand ratee0
- Outcome
- growth and developmente0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of silicon at 40 mg/kg sand rate improved the growth and development under control and stress conditions.”
t0“Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)”
e1“Applying 40 mg/kg silicon to sand”
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salinity · physiology: photosynthesis · Vigna mungo (black gram)Results agree
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salinity · physiology: oxidative · Vigna mungo (black gram)Results agree
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drought · physiology: oxidative · Vigna mungo (black gram)Results agree
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.