Abstract
Introduction Adiantum aleuticum (A. aleuticum) belongs to a medicinally important genus Adiantum . Different species of genus Adiantum are traditionally used as anti-diabetic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal remedy. A. aleuticum is scientifically unexplored species of genus Adiantum. The current study aimed to reveal the medicinal potential of A. aleuticum. In addition to preliminary phytochemical investigation, GC–MS analysis and computational studies (In-silico docking and ADME analysis) were also performed. Methods Different biological activities like enzyme inhibition, antimicrobial (antibacterial and antiviral), anti-inflammatory, and thrombolytic activity were performed by various In-vitro assays. Antioxidant potential was assessed by DPPH and ABTS methods. Results The findings of phytochemical screening revealed that highest TPC, TFC and TTC were observed in AME (290 ± 1.12 mg G.A Eq./g D.E ± S.D, 424 ± 0.559 mg Q. Eq./g D.E ± S.D, 335 ± 0.48 mg T.A Eq./g D.E ± S.D) respectively. The antioxidant potential was exhibited by AME via DPPH and ABTS (302 ± 0.66, 315 ± 0.52 mg A.A Eq./g D.E ± S.D) respectively. The results of enzyme inhibition activity revealed that AME strongly inhibited α-amylase (73 %) & α-glucosidase (74 %). Significant antiviral and antibacterial activities were shown by AME and its all fractions. AME also exhibited maximum thrombolytic activity (70 ± 0.60 %clot lysis) in comparison to Streptokinase (86 ± 0.9 % clot lysis). The maximum anti-inflammatory activity was observed in AME with %IPD range (40–79 %) for various fractions. GC–MS analysis of AME tentatively identified 37 bioactive phytoconstituents. The In-silico molecular modelling was done for the identified compounds by GC/MS for the evaluation of binding affinity and binding interactions between the ligands and enzyme followed by ADME analysis of selected phytoconstituents with best docking scores. MD simulation was done for Solasonine. Conclusion Conclusively, A. aleuticum has good antidiabetic, antimicrobial and thrombolytic potential. It can be explored further for other biological activities and may provide basis for the isolation of natural anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic, antioxidant and antibacterial compunds with potential for serving as promising leads for drug development.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
AME had the highest total phenolic content, 290 ± 1.12 mg G.A Eq./g D.E ± S.D.
- Taxon
- Adiantum aleuticum
Adiantum aleuticumt0 - Material
- AMEe0
- Outcome
- TPCe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 290 ± 1.12 mg G.A Eq./g D.E ± S.De0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Adiantum aleuticum”
e0“highest TPC, TFC and TTC were observed in AME (290 ± 1.12 mg G.A Eq./g D.E ± S.D, 424 ± 0.559 mg Q. Eq./g D.E ± S.D, 335 ± 0.48 mg T.A Eq./g D.E ± S.D) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
AME had the highest flavonoid content, 424 ± 0.559 mg Q. Eq./g D.E ± S.D.
- Taxon
- Adiantum aleuticumAdiantum aleuticumt0
- Outcome
- TFCe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 424 ± 0.559 mg Q. Eq./g D.E ± S.De0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Adiantum aleuticum”
e0“highest TPC, TFC and TTC were observed in AME (290 ± 1.12 mg G.A Eq./g D.E ± S.D, 424 ± 0.559 mg Q. Eq./g D.E ± S.D, 335 ± 0.48 mg T.A Eq./g D.E ± S.D) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
AME had the highest tannin content, 335 ± 0.48 mg T.A Eq./g D.E ± S.D.
- Taxon
- Adiantum aleuticumAdiantum aleuticumt0
- Outcome
- TTCe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 335 ± 0.48 mg T.A Eq./g D.E ± S.De0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Adiantum aleuticum”
e0“highest TPC, TFC and TTC were observed in AME (290 ± 1.12 mg G.A Eq./g D.E ± S.D, 424 ± 0.559 mg Q. Eq./g D.E ± S.D, 335 ± 0.48 mg T.A Eq./g D.E ± S.D) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
AME DPPH antioxidant activity was 302 ± 0.66 mg A.A Eq./g D.E ± S.D.
- Taxon
- Adiantum aleuticumAdiantum aleuticumt0
- Outcome
- antioxidant potentiale0
- Value
- 302 ± 0.66e0
- Qualifier
- DPPHe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Adiantum aleuticum”
e0“The antioxidant potential was exhibited by AME via DPPH and ABTS (302 ± 0.66, 315 ± 0.52 mg A.A Eq./g D.E ± S.D) respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
AME ABTS antioxidant activity was 315 ± 0.52 mg A.A Eq./g D.E ± S.D.
- Taxon
- Adiantum aleuticumAdiantum aleuticumt0
- Outcome
- antioxidant potentiale0
- Value
- 315 ± 0.52 mg A.A Eq./g D.E ± S.De0
- Qualifier
- ABTSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Adiantum aleuticum”
e0“The antioxidant potential was exhibited by AME via DPPH and ABTS (302 ± 0.66, 315 ± 0.52 mg A.A Eq./g D.E ± S.D) respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
AME inhibited α-amylase by 73%.
- Taxon
- Adiantum aleuticumAdiantum aleuticumt0
- Outcome
- α-amylasee0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 73 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Adiantum aleuticum”
e0“AME strongly inhibited α-amylase (73 %) & α-glucosidase (74 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
AME inhibited α-glucosidase by 74%.
- Taxon
- Adiantum aleuticumAdiantum aleuticumt0
- Outcome
- α-glucosidasee0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 74 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Adiantum aleuticum”
e0“AME strongly inhibited α-amylase (73 %) & α-glucosidase (74 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
AME and all fractions showed significant antiviral and antibacterial activity.
- Taxon
- Adiantum aleuticumAdiantum aleuticumt0
- Outcome
- antiviral and antibacterial activitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Adiantum aleuticum”
e0“Significant antiviral and antibacterial activities were shown by AME and its all fractions.”
Claim · model-written summary
AME had maximum thrombolytic activity of 70 ± 0.60 %clot lysis versus Streptokinase at 86 ± 0.9%.
- Taxon
- Adiantum aleuticumAdiantum aleuticumt0
- Outcome
- thrombolytic activitye0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 70 ± 0.60 %clot lysise0
- Qualifier
- 86 ± 0.9 % clot lysise0
- Comparator
- Streptokinasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Adiantum aleuticum”
e0“AME also exhibited maximum thrombolytic activity (70 ± 0.60 %clot lysis) in comparison to Streptokinase (86 ± 0.9 % clot lysis).”
Claim · model-written summary
AME showed maximum anti-inflammatory activity with 40–79% inhibition.
- Taxon
- Adiantum aleuticumAdiantum aleuticumt0
- Outcome
- anti-inflammatory activitye0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 40–79 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Adiantum aleuticum”
e0“The maximum anti-inflammatory activity was observed in AME with %IPD range (40–79 %) for various fractions.”
Claim · model-written summary
GC–MS tentatively identified 37 bioactive constituents in AME.
- Taxon
- Adiantum aleuticumAdiantum aleuticumt0
- Outcome
- bioactive phytoconstituentse0
- Value
- 37 bioactive phytoconstituentse0
- Qualifier
- tentativelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Adiantum aleuticum”
e0“GC–MS analysis of AME tentatively identified 37 bioactive phytoconstituents.”