Abstract
Salt stress can affect various physiological processes in plants, ultimately hindering their growth and development. Melatonin (MT) can effectively resist multiple abiotic stresses, improving plant stress resistance. To analyze the mechanism of exogenous MT to enhance salt tolerance in red clover, we conducted a comprehensive study to examine the influence of exogenous MT on various parameters, including seed germination indices, seedling morphological traits, and physiological and photosynthetic indicators, using four distinct red clover varieties (H1, H2, H3, and H4). This investigation was performed under various salt stress conditions with differing pH values, specifically utilizing NaCl, Na2SO4, NaHCO3, and Na2CO3 as the salt stressors. The results showed that MT solution immersion significantly improved the germination indicators of red clover seeds under salt stress. The foliar spraying of 50 μM and 25 μM MT solution significantly increased SOD activity (21–127%), POD activity, soluble sugar content, proline content (22–117%), chlorophyll content (2–66%), and the net photosynthetic rate. It reduced the MDA content (14–55%) and intercellular CO2 concentration of red clover seedlings under salt stress. Gray correlation analysis and the Mantel test further verified that MT is a key factor in enhancing seed germination and seedling growth of red clover under salt stress; the most significant improvement was observed for NaHCO3 stress. MT is demonstrated to improve the salt tolerance of red clover through a variety of mechanisms, including an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity, osmoregulation ability, and cell membrane stability. Additionally, it improves photosynthetic efficiency and plant architecture, promoting energy production, growth, and optimal resource allocation. These mechanisms function synergistically, enabling red clover to sustain normal growth and development under salt stress.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin immersion significantly improved seed germination indicators under salt stress.
- Taxon
- red clover
Trifolium pratensee0 - Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- MT solution immersione0
- Outcome
- germination indicatorse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MT solution immersion significantly improved the germination indicators of red clover seeds under salt stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin spray increased SOD activity by 21–127%.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- foliar spraying of 50 μM and 25 μM MT solutione0
- Outcome
- SOD activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 21–127%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The foliar spraying of 50 μM and 25 μM MT solution significantly increased SOD activity (21–127%), POD activity, soluble sugar content, proline content (22–117%), chlorophyll content (2–66%), and the net photosynthetic rate.”
t0“Red Clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin spray increased POD activity.
- Taxon
- Red CloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- foliar spraying of 50 μM and 25 μM MT solutione0
- Outcome
- POD activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The foliar spraying of 50 μM and 25 μM MT solution significantly increased SOD activity (21–127%), POD activity, soluble sugar content, proline content (22–117%), chlorophyll content (2–66%), and the net photosynthetic rate.”
t0“Red Clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin spray increased soluble sugar content.
- Taxon
- Red CloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- foliar spraying of 50 μM and 25 μM MT solutione0
- Outcome
- soluble sugar contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The foliar spraying of 50 μM and 25 μM MT solution significantly increased SOD activity (21–127%), POD activity, soluble sugar content, proline content (22–117%), chlorophyll content (2–66%), and the net photosynthetic rate.”
t0“Red Clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin spray increased proline content by 22–117%.
- Taxon
- Red CloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- foliar spraying of 50 μM and 25 μM MT solutione0
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 22–117%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The foliar spraying of 50 μM and 25 μM MT solution significantly increased SOD activity (21–127%), POD activity, soluble sugar content, proline content (22–117%), chlorophyll content (2–66%), and the net photosynthetic rate.”
t0“Red Clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin spray increased chlorophyll content by 2–66%.
- Taxon
- Red CloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- foliar spraying of 50 μM and 25 μM MT solutione0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2–66%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The foliar spraying of 50 μM and 25 μM MT solution significantly increased SOD activity (21–127%), POD activity, soluble sugar content, proline content (22–117%), chlorophyll content (2–66%), and the net photosynthetic rate.”
t0“Red Clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin spray increased net photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- Red CloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- foliar spraying of 50 μM and 25 μM MT solutione0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The foliar spraying of 50 μM and 25 μM MT solution significantly increased SOD activity (21–127%), POD activity, soluble sugar content, proline content (22–117%), chlorophyll content (2–66%), and the net photosynthetic rate.”
t0“Red Clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin spray reduced MDA content by 14–55%.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee0
- Treatment
- MT solutione1
- Outcome
- MDA contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 14–55%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It reduced the MDA content (14–55%) and intercellular CO2 concentration of red clover seedlings under salt stress.”
e1“MT solution immersion significantly improved the germination indicators of red clover seeds under salt stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin spray reduced intercellular CO2 concentration.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee0
- Treatment
- MT solutione1
- Outcome
- intercellular CO2 concentratione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It reduced the MDA content (14–55%) and intercellular CO2 concentration of red clover seedlings under salt stress.”
e1“MT solution immersion significantly improved the germination indicators of red clover seeds under salt stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin was identified as a key factor enhancing germination and seedling growth under salt stress.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee0
- Treatment
- MTe0
- Outcome
- seed germination and seedling growthe0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gray correlation analysis and the Mantel test further verified that MT is a key factor in enhancing seed germination and seedling growth of red clover under salt stress; the most significant improvement was observed for NaHCO3 stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
The greatest melatonin improvement occurred under NaHCO3 stress.
- Taxon
- Red CloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- NaHCO3 stresse0
- Outcome
- improvemente0
- Direction
- most significante0
- Qualifier
- NaHCO3 stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the most significant improvement was observed for NaHCO3 stress.”
t0“Red Clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin was interpreted to increase antioxidant activity, osmoregulation and membrane stability.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee0
- Treatment
- MTe0
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- increase in antioxidant enzyme activity, osmoregulation ability, and cell membrane stabilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MT is demonstrated to improve the salt tolerance of red clover through a variety of mechanisms, including an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity, osmoregulation ability, and cell membrane stability.”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin was interpreted to improve photosynthesis and architecture, supporting energy production and growth.
- Taxon
- Red CloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- MTe1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic efficiency and plant architecturee0
- Qualifier
- promoting energy production, growth, and optimal resource allocatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additionally, it improves photosynthetic efficiency and plant architecture, promoting energy production, growth, and optimal resource allocation.”
t0“Red Clover”
e1“MT is demonstrated to improve the salt tolerance of red clover through a variety of mechanisms”
The same questions in other papers
application · growth · Trifolium pratense (red clover)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.