Abstract
Compared with high-stubble ratoon rice (RR), low-stubble RR is superior in yield potential, grain quality, and economic benefit. However, the unstable ratooning ability limits the grain yield of low-stubble RR production. Light condition during the grain-filling stage of main crop (GFMC) may be important for rice ratooning. To elucidate the role of light condition during GFMC in affecting ratooning ability, the key response periods, and their underlying mechanisms, field experiments were conducted using two indica cultivars in 2021 and 2022. To create varied light conditions at the canopy base during GFMC, two planting density treatments combining three nitrogen (N) treatments were established in 2021, and three density treatments combining two N treatments and four shading treatments were established in 2022 for the main crop. Light intensity (LI), light quality as reflected by the ratio of red light/far red light (R/FR), and light transmission ratio (LTR) at the canopy base during GFMC, and ratooning ability were dramatically altered by N fertilization but not by planting density. With increased N application, LTR, root bleeding rate, and maximum ratooning rate significantly decreased in 2021. In 2022, low N rate increased LI, R/FR, and maximum ratooning rate by 155.7–241.4%, 47.4–65.3%, and 15.6–27.5%, respectively, but reduced missing hill percentage (proportion of hills without regenerated tillers to the total number of hills) by 30.0–62.1% compared with high N rate. The missing hill percentage was negatively correlated with the indices of light condition, while the maximum ratooning rate was positively correlated with them for both cultivars. Root activity and the ratios of abscisic acid (ABA) to cytokinins (CTK), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and IAA + CTK could explain the effect of light condition during GFMC on ratooning ability. Shading experiment confirmed the effect of light condition on ratooning ability and further revealed that only shading during middle and late GFMC affected ratooning ability. These findings provide new insights into the regulation of ratooning ability, which are useful for developing management practices to increase the grain yield and yield stability of low-stubble RR.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization altered canopy-base light conditions and ratooning ability.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Light intensity (LI), light quality as reflected by the ratio of red light/far red light (R/FR), and light transmission ratio (LTR)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Light intensity (LI), light quality as reflected by the ratio of red light/far red light (R/FR), and light transmission ratio (LTR) at the canopy base during GFMC, and ratooning ability were dramatically altered by N fertilization but not by planting density.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting density did not alter canopy-base light conditions and ratooning ability.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- planting densitye0
- Outcome
- ratooning abilitye0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ratooning ability were dramatically altered by N fertilization but not by planting density”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher N application significantly decreased light transmission ratio, root bleeding rate and maximum ratooning rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- increased N applicatione0
- Outcome
- LTR, root bleeding rate, and maximum ratooning ratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Setting
- 2021e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With increased N application, LTR, root bleeding rate, and maximum ratooning rate significantly decreased in 2021.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Low N increased light intensity by 155.7–241.4%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- low N ratee0
- Outcome
- LIe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 155.7–241.4%e0
- Comparator
- high N ratee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low N rate increased LI, R/FR, and maximum ratooning rate by 155.7–241.4%, 47.4–65.3%, and 15.6–27.5%, respectively”
e1“compared with high N rate”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Low N increased red to far red light ratio by 47.4–65.3%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low N rate increased LI, R/FR, and maximum ratooning rate by 155.7–241.4%, 47.4–65.3%, and 15.6–27.5%, respectively”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Low N increased maximum ratooning rate by 15.6–27.5%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- low N ratee0
- Outcome
- maximum ratooning ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15.6–27.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low N rate increased LI, R/FR, and maximum ratooning rate by 155.7–241.4%, 47.4–65.3%, and 15.6–27.5%, respectively”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Low N reduced missing hill percentage by 30.0–62.1% versus high N.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- low N ratee1
- Outcome
- missing hill percentagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 30.0–62.1%e0
- Comparator
- high N ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced missing hill percentage (proportion of hills without regenerated tillers to the total number of hills) by 30.0–62.1% compared with high N rate”
e1“low N rate increased LI”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Missing hill percentage correlated negatively with light indices.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- missing hill percentagee0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Comparator
- indices of light conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The missing hill percentage was negatively correlated with the indices of light condition”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum ratooning rate correlated positively with light indices.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- both cultivarse0
- Outcome
- maximum ratooning ratee0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum ratooning rate was positively correlated with them for both cultivars”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Root activity and hormone ratios could explain the light effect on ratooning.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- ratooning abilitye0
- Qualifier
- Root activity and the ratios of abscisic acid (ABA) to cytokinins (CTK), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and IAA + CTKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root activity and the ratios of abscisic acid (ABA) to cytokinins (CTK), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and IAA + CTK could explain the effect of light condition during GFMC on ratooning ability.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading in middle and late grain filling affected ratooning ability.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- shading during middle and late GFMCe0
- Outcome
- ratooning abilitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only shading during middle and late GFMC affected ratooning ability”
t0“rice”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · disease · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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