Abstract
), one of its primary pests. This study utilized three Rhododendron cultivars, 'Zihe', 'Yanzhimi', and 'Taile', to conduct a non-targeted metabolomic analysis of leaf samples before and after azalea lace bug stress using headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GCMS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS). A total of 81 volatile metabolites across 11 categories and 448 nonvolatile metabolites across 55 categories were detected. Significant differences in metabolic profiles were observed among the different cultivars after pest stress. A total of 47 volatile compounds and 49 nonvolatile metabolites were upregulated in the most susceptible cultivar 'Zihe', including terpenes, alcohols, nucleotides, amino acids, and carbohydrates, which are involved in energy production and secondary metabolism. Conversely, 'Yanzhimi' showed a downtrend in both the differential volatiles and metabolites related to purine metabolism and zeatin biosynthesis under pest stress. The resistant cultivar 'Taile' exhibited moderate changes, with 17 volatile compounds and 17 nonvolatile compounds being upregulated and enriched in the biosynthesis of amino acids, pentose, glucuronate interconversions, carbon metabolism, etc. The phenylalanine metabolic pathway played an important role in the pest resistance of different susceptible cultivars, and relevant metabolites such as phenylethyl alcohol, methyl salicylate, and apigenin may be involved in the plant's resistance response. The results of this study provide a new perspective on the metabolomics of Rhododendron-insect interactions and offer references for the development of pest control strategies.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The analysis detected 81 volatile metabolites across 11 categories.
- Taxon
- Rhododendron
Rhododendront0 - Outcome
- volatile metabolitese0
- Value
- 81e0
- Qualifier
- 11 categoriese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A total of 81 volatile metabolites across 11 categories and 448 nonvolatile metabolites across 55 categories were detected”
t0“Rhododendron”
Claim · model-written summary
The analysis detected 448 nonvolatile metabolites across 55 categories.
- Taxon
- RhododendronRhododendront0
- Outcome
- nonvolatile metabolitese0
- Value
- 448e0
- Qualifier
- 55 categoriese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A total of 81 volatile metabolites across 11 categories and 448 nonvolatile metabolites across 55 categories were detected”
t0“Rhododendron”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivars differed significantly in metabolic profiles after pest stress.
- Taxon
- RhododendronRhododendront0
- Treatment
- pest stresse0
- Outcome
- metabolic profilese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant differences in metabolic profiles were observed among the different cultivars after pest stress”
t0“Rhododendron”
Claim · model-written summary
In susceptible Zihe, 47 volatile compounds were upregulated after pest stress.
- Taxon
- RhododendronRhododendront0
- Material
- Zihee0
- Outcome
- volatile compoundse0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Value
- 47e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A total of 47 volatile compounds and 49 nonvolatile metabolites were upregulated in the most susceptible cultivar 'Zihe'”
t0“Rhododendron”
Claim · model-written summary
In susceptible Zihe, 49 nonvolatile metabolites were upregulated after pest stress.
- Taxon
- RhododendronRhododendront0
- Material
- Zihee0
- Outcome
- nonvolatile metabolitese0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Value
- 49e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A total of 47 volatile compounds and 49 nonvolatile metabolites were upregulated in the most susceptible cultivar 'Zihe'”
t0“Rhododendron”
Claim · model-written summary
Yanzhimi showed a downward trend in differential volatiles and metabolites related to purine metabolism and zeatin biosynthesis under pest stress.
Verbatim
e0“'Yanzhimi' showed a downtrend in both the differential volatiles and metabolites related to purine metabolism and zeatin biosynthesis under pest stress”
Claim · model-written summary
In resistant Taile, 17 volatile compounds were upregulated.
- Taxon
- RhododendronRhododendront0
- Material
- Tailee0
- Outcome
- volatile compoundse0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Value
- 17e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The resistant cultivar 'Taile' exhibited moderate changes, with 17 volatile compounds and 17 nonvolatile compounds being upregulated”
t0“Rhododendron”
Claim · model-written summary
In resistant Taile, 17 nonvolatile compounds were upregulated.
- Taxon
- RhododendronRhododendront0
- Material
- Tailee0
- Outcome
- nonvolatile compoundse0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Value
- 17e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The resistant cultivar 'Taile' exhibited moderate changes, with 17 volatile compounds and 17 nonvolatile compounds being upregulated”
t0“Rhododendron”
Claim · model-written summary
The phenylalanine metabolic pathway was implicated in cultivar resistance to the lace bug.
- Taxon
- RhododendronRhododendront0
- Outcome
- pest resistancee0
- Qualifier
- phenylalanine metabolic pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phenylalanine metabolic pathway played an important role in the pest resistance of different susceptible cultivars”
t0“Rhododendron”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenylethyl alcohol, methyl salicylate, and apigenin may contribute to Rhododendron resistance.
- Taxon
- RhododendronRhododendront0
- Compound
- phenylethyl alcohol, methyl salicylate, and apigenine0
- Outcome
- plant's resistance responsee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relevant metabolites such as phenylethyl alcohol, methyl salicylate, and apigenin may be involved in the plant's resistance response”
t0“Rhododendron”