Abstract
Abstract Salt stress is identified as a significant abiotic stress that hampers agricultural sustainability globally. The study was carried out to investigate the potential mitigating effects of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) on salt stress in soybean. Two weeks old grown soybean seedlings were subjected to salt stress conditions (4000 mg L − 1 of sea salts). The plants were foliar sprayed with Se-NPs at concentrations of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg L − 1 twice. The first application was applied at four weeks from sowing and the second application was added after two weeks from the first application. Compared to control, Se-NPs application mitigates the negative effect of salinity on plant growth to a variable extent. This improvement may be attributed to several factors such as increased the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, total soluble sugars and total protein. In addition, Se-NPs alleviated the adversely effect of oxidative stress by increasing the antioxidant activities and potassium contents without markedly increase in the sodium content of the soybean leaf tissues. Also, Se-NPs enhanced the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as total phenolic content under salinity. Moreover, Se-NPs spray significantly reinforced the development of conducting secondary tissues in the leaves and roots of the treated plants. GmHKT1 gene transcription was markedly up-regulated in salinized soybean and foliar sprayed with Se-NPs as a molecular strategy to cope with the salinity. Based on the obtained results, among the different doses of Se-NPs, soybean plants sprayed with 1.0 mg L − 1 Se-NPs showed better salt tolerance. The foliar spray of Se-NPs may be considered as a promising approach to enhance salt tolerance in soybean plants, which could have significant implications for improving agricultural sustainability in salt-affected regions.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Se-NP application mitigated the negative effect of salinity on soybean plant growth, to a variable extent.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- Se-NPs applicatione0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- mitigatese0
- Qualifier
- to a variable extente0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to control, Se-NPs application mitigates the negative effect of salinity on plant growth to a variable extent”
e1“Two weeks old grown soybean seedlings were subjected to salt stress conditions (4000 mg L − 1 of sea salts)”
Claim · model-written summary
Se-NP application increased photosynthetic pigments, total soluble sugars and total protein in salinized soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Se-NPs applicatione0
- Outcome
- concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, total soluble sugars and total proteine2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- may be attributed to several factorse2
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to control, Se-NPs application mitigates the negative effect of salinity on plant growth to a variable extent”
e1“Two weeks old grown soybean seedlings were subjected to salt stress conditions (4000 mg L − 1 of sea salts)”
e2“This improvement may be attributed to several factors such as increased the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, total soluble sugars and total protein”
Claim · model-written summary
Se-NPs increased antioxidant activities and potassium contents in salinized soybean leaves.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- leaf tissuese2
- Treatment
- Se-NPse2
- Outcome
- antioxidant activities and potassium contentse2
- Direction
- increasinge2
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to control, Se-NPs application mitigates the negative effect of salinity on plant growth to a variable extent”
e1“Two weeks old grown soybean seedlings were subjected to salt stress conditions (4000 mg L − 1 of sea salts)”
e2“Se-NPs alleviated the adversely effect of oxidative stress by increasing the antioxidant activities and potassium contents without markedly increase in the sodium content of the soybean leaf tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Se-NPs did not markedly increase sodium content in salinized soybean leaves.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- leaf tissuese2
- Treatment
- Se-NPse2
- Outcome
- sodium contente2
- Direction
- without markedly increasee2
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to control, Se-NPs application mitigates the negative effect of salinity on plant growth to a variable extent”
e1“Two weeks old grown soybean seedlings were subjected to salt stress conditions (4000 mg L − 1 of sea salts)”
e2“Se-NPs alleviated the adversely effect of oxidative stress by increasing the antioxidant activities and potassium contents without markedly increase in the sodium content of the soybean leaf tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Se-NPs enhanced total phenolic content (secondary metabolite biosynthesis) in soybean under salinity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Se-NPse0
- Outcome
- biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as total phenolic contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- under salinitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Also, Se-NPs enhanced the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as total phenolic content under salinity”
e1“Two weeks old grown soybean seedlings were subjected to salt stress conditions (4000 mg L − 1 of sea salts)”
Claim · model-written summary
Se-NP spray significantly reinforced development of conducting secondary tissues in soybean leaves and roots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse0
- Treatment
- Se-NPs spraye0
- Outcome
- development of conducting secondary tissuese0
- Direction
- reinforcede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, Se-NPs spray significantly reinforced the development of conducting secondary tissues in the leaves and roots of the treated plants”
e1“Two weeks old grown soybean seedlings were subjected to salt stress conditions (4000 mg L − 1 of sea salts)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Se-NP spray markedly up-regulated GmHKT1 gene transcription in salinized soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- foliar sprayed with Se-NPse0
- Gene
- GmHKT1e0
- Outcome
- GmHKT1 gene transcriptione0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
- Qualifier
- as a molecular strategy to cope with the salinitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GmHKT1 gene transcription was markedly up-regulated in salinized soybean and foliar sprayed with Se-NPs as a molecular strategy to cope with the salinity”
e1“Two weeks old grown soybean seedlings were subjected to salt stress conditions (4000 mg L − 1 of sea salts)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean sprayed with 1.0 mg L − 1 Se-NPs showed better salt tolerance than the other Se-NP doses.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- 1.0 mg L − 1 Se-NPse0
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- different doses of Se-NPse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Based on the obtained results, among the different doses of Se-NPs, soybean plants sprayed with 1.0 mg L − 1 Se-NPs showed better salt tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest foliar Se-NP spray may be considered a promising approach to enhance salt tolerance in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean plantsGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- foliar spray of Se-NPse0
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- may be considered as a promising approache0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The foliar spray of Se-NPs may be considered as a promising approach to enhance salt tolerance in soybean plants”
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See all 29 papers →8 of 13 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.