Abstract
Sorghum is the world’s fifth-largest cereal crop, and anthracnose ( Colletotrichum sublineola ) is the main disease affecting sorghum. However, systematic research on the cellular structure, physiological and biochemical, and genes related to anthracnose resistance and disease resistance evaluation in sorghum is lacking in the field. Upon inoculation with anthracnose ( C. sublineola ) spores, disease-resistant sorghum (gz93) developed a relative lesion area (RLA) that was significantly smaller than that of the disease-susceptible sorghum (gz234). The leaf thickness, length and profile area of leaf mesophyll cells, upper and lower epidermal cells decreased in the lesion area, with a greater reduction observed in gz234 than in gz93. The damage caused by C. sublineola resulted in a greater decrease in the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in gz234 than in gz93, with early-stage reduction due to stomatal limitation and late-stage reduction caused by lesions. Overall, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), the content of proline (Pro), abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and gibberellic acid (GA 3 ), are higher in gz93 than in gz234 and may be positively correlated with disease resistance. While malondialdehyde (MDA) may be negatively correlated with disease resistance. Disease-resistant genes are significantly overexpressed in gz93, with significant expression changes in gz234, which is related to disease resistance in sorghum. Correlation analysis indicates that GA 3 , MDA, peroxidase (POD), and disease-resistance genes can serve as reference indicators for disease severity. The regression equation RLA = 0.029 + 8.02 × 10 −6 JA–0.016 GA 3 can predict and explain RLA. Principal component analysis (PCA), with the top 5 principal components for physiological and biochemical indicators and the top 2 principal components for disease-resistant genes, can explain 82.37% and 89.11% of their total variance, reducing the number of evaluation indicators. This study provides a basis for research on the mechanisms and breeding of sorghum with resistance to anthracnose.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
The resistant gz93 line developed significantly smaller lesions than susceptible gz234 after inoculation.
- Material
- gz93e0
- Treatment
- inoculation with anthracnose ( C. sublineola ) sporese0
- Interactor
- C. sublineola
Colletotrichum sublineolae0pathogen - Outcome
- relative lesion area (RLA)e0
- Direction
- significantly smallere0
- Comparator
- gz234e0
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Upon inoculation with anthracnose ( C. sublineola ) spores, disease-resistant sorghum (gz93) developed a relative lesion area (RLA) that was significantly smaller than that of the disease-susceptible sorghum (gz234).”
Claim · model-written summary
Lesion-area leaf and cell dimensions decreased more in gz234 than gz93.
- Material
- gz234e0
- Organ / stage
- leaf mesophyll cells, upper and lower epidermal cellse0
- Outcome
- leaf thickness, length and profile areae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- gz93e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf thickness, length and profile area of leaf mesophyll cells, upper and lower epidermal cells decreased in the lesion area, with a greater reduction observed in gz234 than in gz93.”
t0“sorghum seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthracnose damage lowered net photosynthesis more in gz234 than gz93, with different early and late limitations.
- Material
- gz234e0
- Interactor
- C. sublineolaColletotrichum sublineolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate (Pn)e0
- Direction
- greater decreasee0
- Qualifier
- early-stage reduction due to stomatal limitation and late-stage reduction caused by lesionse0
- Comparator
- gz93e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The damage caused by C. sublineola resulted in a greater decrease in the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in gz234 than in gz93, with early-stage reduction due to stomatal limitation and late-stage reduction caused by lesions.”
t0“sorghum seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
SOD and CAT activities were higher in gz93 than gz234 and may correlate positively with resistance.
- Material
- gz93e0
- Outcome
- activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- may be positively correlated with disease resistancee0
- Comparator
- gz234e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), the content of proline (Pro), abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and gibberellic acid (GA 3 ), are higher in gz93 than in gz234 and may be positively correlated with disease resistance.”
t0“sorghum seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline and four hormone contents were higher in gz93 than gz234 and may correlate positively with resistance.
- Material
- gz93e0
- Outcome
- content of proline (Pro), abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- gz234e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the content of proline (Pro), abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and gibberellic acid (GA 3 ), are higher in gz93 than in gz234 and may be positively correlated with disease resistance.”
t0“sorghum seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic and gibberellic acid content were higher in gz93 than gz234.
- Material
- gz93e0
- Outcome
- salicylic acid (SA), and gibberellic acid (GA 3 )e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- gz234e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salicylic acid (SA), and gibberellic acid (GA 3 ), are higher in gz93 than in gz234 and may be positively correlated with disease resistance.”
t0“sorghum seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
MDA may correlate negatively with sorghum disease resistance.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While malondialdehyde (MDA) may be negatively correlated with disease resistance.”
t0“sorghum seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease resistance genes were overexpressed in gz93 and changed significantly in gz234.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disease-resistant genes are significantly overexpressed in gz93, with significant expression changes in gz234, which is related to disease resistance in sorghum.”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3, MDA, POD and resistance genes were identified as reference indicators for disease severity.
- Outcome
- reference indicators for disease severitye0
- Qualifier
- GA 3 , MDA, peroxidase (POD), and disease-resistance genese0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Correlation analysis indicates that GA 3 , MDA, peroxidase (POD), and disease-resistance genes can serve as reference indicators for disease severity.”
t0“sorghum seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
A regression equation was proposed to predict relative lesion area.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The regression equation RLA = 0.029 + 8.02 × 10 −6 JA–0.016 GA 3 can predict and explain RLA.”
t0“sorghum seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Five physiological and biochemical principal components explained 82.37% of variance.
- Outcome
- total variancee0
- Value
- 82.37%e0
- Qualifier
- top 5 principal components for physiological and biochemical indicatorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Principal component analysis (PCA), with the top 5 principal components for physiological and biochemical indicators and the top 2 principal components for disease-resistant genes, can explain 82.37% and 89.11% of their total variance, reducing the number of evaluation indicators.”
t0“sorghum seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Two resistance-gene principal components explained 89.11% of variance.
- Outcome
- total variancee0
- Value
- 89.11%e0
- Qualifier
- top 2 principal components for disease-resistant genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Principal component analysis (PCA), with the top 5 principal components for physiological and biochemical indicators and the top 2 principal components for disease-resistant genes, can explain 82.37% and 89.11% of their total variance, reducing the number of evaluation indicators.”
t0“sorghum seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · disease · SorghumPositive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
24 papers more in this group
See all 28 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.