Abstract
The action-to-reaction dynamics of next-generation nanofertilizers (NFs) towards field crops are currently being addressed in precision and sustainable agriculture. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the effects of foliar application of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) or their combination with hybrid nanoporous biosilica mixed with yeast (ZnSi-bio) for soybean plants’ selected production and physiological indices in comparison to an NF-free control. The experiment was conducted at eco-friendly concentrations in Veľký Krtíš, Slovakia, a location within the Central European agronomical region. The ZnSi-bio variant had an improved number of pods, seed count, and yield, while the ZnO-NPs variant had an enhanced seed bulk density compared to the NF-free control, which had a greater effect on thousand-seed weight (TSW). Significant differences were found in the final quality components of soybeans with respect to phosphorus content without ZnO-NP biofortification. In the case of the ZnSi-bio variant, soybeans were biofortified with zinc. Both leaf-applied NFs markedly improved nutritional and energetic values for soybeans. NFs continued to positively affect seasonal physiology, such as the stomatal conductance (Ig) and crop water stress index (CWSI), compared to the control. The results suggest that the ZnO-NPs, especially when combined with hybrid biosilica and yeast, open new avenues for interdisciplinary research in agro-food science.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
The ZnSi-bio variant improved the number of pods, seed count and yield of soybean compared with the NF-free control.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- ZnSi-bioe0
- Outcome
- number of pods, seed count, and yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- NF-free controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Selected Components of Soybean”
e0“The ZnSi-bio variant had an improved number of pods, seed count, and yield, while the ZnO-NPs variant had an enhanced seed bulk density compared to the NF-free control, which had a greater effect on thousand-seed weight (TSW)”
Claim · model-written summary
The ZnO-NPs variant enhanced seed bulk density of soybean compared with the NF-free control.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- ZnO-NPse0
- Outcome
- seed bulk densitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- NF-free controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Selected Components of Soybean”
e0“The ZnSi-bio variant had an improved number of pods, seed count, and yield, while the ZnO-NPs variant had an enhanced seed bulk density compared to the NF-free control, which had a greater effect on thousand-seed weight (TSW)”
Claim · model-written summary
The NF-free control had a greater effect on thousand-seed weight of soybean than the nanofertilizer variants.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- thousand-seed weight (TSW)e0
- Direction
- greater effecte0
- Comparator
- NF-free controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Schema note from the model: referent of "which" in the source sentence is ambiguous; claim kept as written
Verbatim
t0“Selected Components of Soybean”
e0“The ZnSi-bio variant had an improved number of pods, seed count, and yield, while the ZnO-NPs variant had an enhanced seed bulk density compared to the NF-free control, which had a greater effect on thousand-seed weight (TSW)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus content of soybean seed showed significant differences without ZnO-NP biofortification.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- phosphorus contente1
- Qualifier
- without ZnO-NP biofortificatione1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Selected Components of Soybean”
e1“Significant differences were found in the final quality components of soybeans with respect to phosphorus content without ZnO-NP biofortification”
Claim · model-written summary
Both leaf-applied nanofertilizers markedly improved nutritional and energetic values of soybean compared with the NF-free control.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- leaf-applied NFse3
- Outcome
- nutritional and energetic valuese3
- Direction
- markedly improvede3
- Comparator
- NF-free controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Selected Components of Soybean”
e3“Both leaf-applied NFs markedly improved nutritional and energetic values for soybeans”
e0“compared to the NF-free control”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanofertilizers positively affected stomatal conductance and crop water stress index of soybean compared with the control.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- NFse4
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance (Ig)e4
- Direction
- positively affecte4
- Qualifier
- crop water stress index (CWSI)e4
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Selected Components of Soybean”
e4“NFs continued to positively affect seasonal physiology, such as the stomatal conductance (Ig) and crop water stress index (CWSI), compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
The ZnSi-bio variant biofortified soybean with zinc.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- ZnSi-bioe2
- Compound
- zince2
- Outcome
- biofortified with zince2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Selected Components of Soybean”
e2“In the case of the ZnSi-bio variant, soybeans were biofortified with zinc”
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.