Abstract
(1) Background: Suitable harvest maturity stage selection and microbial inoculation during anaerobic fermentation are effective strategies for improving the quality of triticale (×Triticosecale) silage for ruminant nutrition. (2) Methods: In the present study, the fermentation characteristics, microbial communities, and their correlations were evaluated for triticale silages, as affected by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP) inoculation at the heading, flowering, filling, milk-ripening, and wax-ripening stages. (3) Results: The results indicate that the filling and milk-ripening stages without LP inoculation resulted in lower pH and higher lactic acid than other harvest maturity stages (p < 0.05). Inoculating with LP decreased the pH at each harvest maturity stage, except for the filling stage, and increased the lactic acid concentration at the heading and filling stages (p < 0.05). The bacterial dynamics indicated that the abundances of Lactiplantebacilli and Monascus of the triticale silages without the LP inoculation were different between the harvest maturity stages (p < 0.05), and the abundance of Enterobacters was different between the harvest maturity stages in the triticale silage (p < 0.05). Remarkably, negative correlations were found between the Lactiplantebacillus, Monascus, and pH and positive correlations were found between the Lactiplantebacillus, Monascus, and lactic acid content (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: The filling and milk-ripening stages were the most suitable harvest maturity stages for the triticale silage. Inoculation with LP could enhance the fermentation quality, increase the abundances of beneficial microorganisms, and inhibit harmful microorganisms in triticale silage.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Uninoculated silage harvested at filling or milk-ripening had lower pH than at other stages.
- Taxon
- triticale
×Triticosecalee1 - Organ / stage
- filling and milk-ripening stagese0
- Outcome
- pHe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- without LP inoculatione0
- Comparator
- other harvest maturity stagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the filling and milk-ripening stages without LP inoculation resulted in lower pH and higher lactic acid than other harvest maturity stages (p < 0.05)”
e1“triticale silages, as affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Uninoculated silage harvested at filling or milk-ripening had higher lactic acid than other stages.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee1
- Organ / stage
- filling and milk-ripening stagese0
- Outcome
- lactic acide0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- without LP inoculatione0
- Comparator
- other harvest maturity stagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the filling and milk-ripening stages without LP inoculation resulted in lower pH and higher lactic acid than other harvest maturity stages (p < 0.05)”
e1“triticale silages, as affected”
Claim · model-written summary
LP inoculation decreased silage pH at each harvest stage except filling.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee1
- Treatment
- Inoculating with LPe0
- Interactor
- Lactiplantibacillus plantarumLactiplantibacillus plantarume2symbiont
- Outcome
- pHe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- except for the filling stagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculating with LP decreased the pH at each harvest maturity stage, except for the filling stage”
e1“triticale silages, as affected”
e2“Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP) inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
LP inoculation increased lactic acid concentration at heading and filling.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee1
- Organ / stage
- heading and filling stagese0
- Treatment
- Inoculating with LPe0
- Interactor
- Lactiplantibacillus plantarumLactiplantibacillus plantarume2symbiont
- Outcome
- lactic acid concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculating with LP decreased the pH at each harvest maturity stage, except for the filling stage, and increased the lactic acid concentration at the heading and filling stages (p < 0.05)”
e1“triticale silages, as affected”
e2“Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP) inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactiplantebacilli abundance in uninoculated silage differed among harvest stages.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Organ / stage
- harvest maturity stagese0
- Interactor
- Lactiplantebacillie0other
- Outcome
- abundances of Lactiplantebacillie0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the abundances of Lactiplantebacilli and Monascus of the triticale silages without the LP inoculation were different between the harvest maturity stages (p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Monascus abundance in uninoculated silage differed among harvest stages.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Organ / stage
- harvest maturity stagese0
- Interactor
- Monascuse0other
- Outcome
- Monascuse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the abundances of Lactiplantebacilli and Monascus of the triticale silages without the LP inoculation were different between the harvest maturity stages (p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Enterobacters abundance differed among harvest stages.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Organ / stage
- harvest maturity stagese0
- Interactor
- Enterobacters
Enterobactere0other - Outcome
- abundance of Enterobacterse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the abundance of Enterobacters was different between the harvest maturity stages in the triticale silage (p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactiplantebacillus abundance correlated negatively with pH.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee1
- Interactor
- Lactiplantebacilluse0other
- Outcome
- pHe0
- Direction
- negativee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“negative correlations were found between the Lactiplantebacillus, Monascus, and pH”
e1“triticale silages, as affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Monascus abundance correlated negatively with pH.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee1
- Interactor
- Monascuse0other
- Outcome
- pHe0
- Direction
- negativee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“negative correlations were found between the Lactiplantebacillus, Monascus, and pH”
e1“triticale silages, as affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactiplantebacillus abundance correlated positively with lactic acid content.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee1
- Interactor
- Lactiplantebacilluse0other
- Outcome
- lactic acid contente0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“positive correlations were found between the Lactiplantebacillus, Monascus, and lactic acid content (p < 0.05)”
e1“triticale silages, as affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Monascus abundance correlated positively with lactic acid content.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee1
- Interactor
- Monascuse0other
- Outcome
- lactic acid contente0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“positive correlations were found between the Lactiplantebacillus, Monascus, and lactic acid content (p < 0.05)”
e1“triticale silages, as affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Filling and milk-ripening were judged the most suitable harvest stages for triticale silage.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Organ / stage
- filling and milk-ripening stagese0
- Outcome
- most suitable harvest maturity stagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The filling and milk-ripening stages were the most suitable harvest maturity stages for the triticale silage.”
Claim · model-written summary
LP inoculation was judged to inhibit harmful microorganisms.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with LPe1
- Interactor
- Lactiplantibacillus plantarumLactiplantibacillus plantarume2symbiont
- Outcome
- harmful microorganismse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inhibit harmful microorganisms in triticale silage”
e1“Inoculation with LP”
e2“Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP) inoculation”
The same questions in other papers
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum · soil: chemistry · x Triticosecale (triticale)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
inoculation · molecular: metabolites · x Triticosecale (triticale)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
inoculation · soil: chemistry · x Triticosecale (triticale)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.