Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are excellent anaerobic fermenters that produce highly valuable grass-based animal feed containing essential nutrients. In the present study, an ensiling process was used to improve anaerobic fermentation in triticale silage under different moisture conditions with LAB. The triticale was treated with either a single bacterium or combined LAB and then vacuum-sealed. After 180 and 360 days of storage, the silage's fermentation characteristics, microbial changes and nutrient contents were analyzed. The pH of the silage was significantly lower than the control silage. There was a significant difference in the pH values between the silages treated with single or mixed LAB. The LAB treatment led to a substantial increase in lactic acid (LA), a decrease in butyric acid (BA), and marginal levels of acetic acid (AA). The LA content after the mixed LAB treatment was significantly higher than that after the single culture LAB treatment. After single or combined inoculant treatments, the LAB population in the silage increased, while the yeast and mold levels decreased. These findings suggest that the addition of LAB to silage during ensiling could enhance the nutritional quality and reduce unwanted microbial growth. The mixed LAB treatments produced silage with a significantly higher nutritional value than the single LAB treatments.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Silage treated with lactic acid bacteria had a significantly lower pH than the control silage.
- Taxon
- triticale
×Triticosecalet0 - Treatment
- single bacterium or combined LABe1
- Outcome
- pH of the silagee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- control silagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Early Heading Triticale Silage”
e0“The pH of the silage was significantly lower than the control silage”
e1“The triticale was treated with either a single bacterium or combined LAB”
Claim · model-written summary
The pH values differed significantly between silages treated with single or mixed lactic acid bacteria.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Outcome
- pH valuese0
- Qualifier
- significant difference in the pH values between the silages treated with single or mixed LABe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Early Heading Triticale Silage”
e0“There was a significant difference in the pH values between the silages treated with single or mixed LAB”
Claim · model-written summary
The LAB treatment substantially increased lactic acid content of triticale silage.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- LAB treatmente0
- Outcome
- lactic acid (LA)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Early Heading Triticale Silage”
e0“The LAB treatment led to a substantial increase in lactic acid (LA), a decrease in butyric acid (BA), and marginal levels of acetic acid (AA)”
Claim · model-written summary
The LAB treatment decreased butyric acid content of triticale silage.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- LAB treatmente0
- Outcome
- butyric acid (BA)e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Early Heading Triticale Silage”
e0“The LAB treatment led to a substantial increase in lactic acid (LA), a decrease in butyric acid (BA), and marginal levels of acetic acid (AA)”
Claim · model-written summary
The LAB treatment left acetic acid at marginal levels in triticale silage.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Outcome
- acetic acid (AA)e0
- Qualifier
- marginal levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Early Heading Triticale Silage”
e0“The LAB treatment led to a substantial increase in lactic acid (LA), a decrease in butyric acid (BA), and marginal levels of acetic acid (AA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Single or combined inoculant treatments increased the LAB population in the silage.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- single or combined inoculant treatmentse0
- Outcome
- LAB populatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Early Heading Triticale Silage”
e0“After single or combined inoculant treatments, the LAB population in the silage increased, while the yeast and mold levels decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Single or combined inoculant treatments decreased yeast and mold levels in the silage.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- single or combined inoculant treatmentse0
- Outcome
- yeast and mold levelse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Early Heading Triticale Silage”
e0“After single or combined inoculant treatments, the LAB population in the silage increased, while the yeast and mold levels decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed lactic acid bacteria treatment gave significantly higher lactic acid content than single culture treatment.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- mixed LAB treatmente0
- Outcome
- LA contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- single culture LAB treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Early Heading Triticale Silage”
e0“The LA content after the mixed LAB treatment was significantly higher than that after the single culture LAB treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed lactic acid bacteria treatments gave silage with significantly higher nutritional value than single LAB treatments.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- mixed LAB treatmentse0
- Outcome
- nutritional valuee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- single LAB treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Early Heading Triticale Silage”
e0“The mixed LAB treatments produced silage with a significantly higher nutritional value than the single LAB treatments”
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- positive
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.