Abstract
Cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD) is one of the major concerns for cotton growers. The traditional approach to managing CLCuD involves the control of the vector (whitefly) population through the use of pesticides. This study compares the efficacy of zinc oxide, iron oxide, copper and silver nanoparticles with conventional pesticides. Nanoparticles dose was optimized by evaluating their phytotoxic threshold in our previous study. In this study, optimized doses of nanoparticles such as zinc oxide (100 ppm), iron oxide (50 ppm), copper (50 ppm) and silver nanoparticles (25 ppm) were applied in a field trial of cotton against cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD). Morphological parameters (height of stem, monopodial branches, sympodial branches, staple length, boll weight and number of bolls), yield parameters (seed cotton yield and ginning outturn), chlorophyll content (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids and total chlorophyll), biochemical parameters (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and electrolyte leakage) and disease parameters (reduction infection, disease severity and disease incidence) were determined in this study. The incidence of cotton leaf curl virus was confirmed by triple antibody sandwich–enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA). The pesticide Imidacloprid significantly reduced the infection by 79.3%. However, in comparison to pesticide, application of nanoparticles also reduced the infection. ZnO NPs reduced the infection by 42.33%, FeO NPs by 41%, Cu NPs by 34.7%, and Ag NPs by 44.8%. Moreover, these nanoparticles also improved the plant growth parameters as compared to control treatment. ZnO NPs enhanced morphological, yield parameters, and chlorophyll content by 36%, 22%, and 29%, respectively. FeO NPs showed improvements by 38%, 21%, and 29%; Cu NPs 39%, 25%, and 29%; and Ag NPs 31%, 19%, and 18%, respectively. Although treatment pesticide showed the least disease incidence compared to nanoparticles, nanoparticles are eco-friendly and safe as compared to pesticides. Farmers can apply these nanoparticles at their optimal thresholds through foliar application as an alternative to traditional pesticides. It is concluded that nanocomposites and hybrid modes may be used for managing CLCuD efficiently in the future.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid significantly reduced cotton leaf curl virus infection by 79.3%.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume2 - Treatment
- pesticide Imidaclopride3
- Interactor
- cotton leaf curl virusCotton leaf curl viruse2pathogen
- Outcome
- infectione3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 79.3%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“a field trial of cotton against cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD)”
e3“The pesticide Imidacloprid significantly reduced the infection by 79.3%”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles reduced cotton leaf curl virus infection by 42.33%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse1
- Interactor
- cotton leaf curl virusCotton leaf curl viruse2pathogen
- Outcome
- infectione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 42.33%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“a field trial of cotton against cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD)”
e1“ZnO NPs reduced the infection by 42.33%, FeO NPs by 41%, Cu NPs by 34.7%, and Ag NPs by 44.8%”
Claim · model-written summary
FeO nanoparticles reduced cotton leaf curl virus infection by 41%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Treatment
- FeO NPse1
- Interactor
- cotton leaf curl virusCotton leaf curl viruse2pathogen
- Outcome
- infectione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 41%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“a field trial of cotton against cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD)”
e1“ZnO NPs reduced the infection by 42.33%, FeO NPs by 41%, Cu NPs by 34.7%, and Ag NPs by 44.8%”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper nanoparticles reduced cotton leaf curl virus infection by 34.7%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Treatment
- Cu NPse1
- Interactor
- cotton leaf curl virusCotton leaf curl viruse2pathogen
- Outcome
- infectione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 34.7%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“a field trial of cotton against cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD)”
e1“ZnO NPs reduced the infection by 42.33%, FeO NPs by 41%, Cu NPs by 34.7%, and Ag NPs by 44.8%”
Claim · model-written summary
Silver nanoparticles reduced cotton leaf curl virus infection by 44.8%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Treatment
- Ag NPse1
- Interactor
- cotton leaf curl virusCotton leaf curl viruse2pathogen
- Outcome
- infectione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 44.8%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“a field trial of cotton against cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD)”
e1“ZnO NPs reduced the infection by 42.33%, FeO NPs by 41%, Cu NPs by 34.7%, and Ag NPs by 44.8%”
Claim · model-written summary
The pesticide treatment showed the least disease incidence compared with nanoparticles.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Treatment
- treatment pesticidee5
- Interactor
- cotton leaf curl virusCotton leaf curl viruse2pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee5
- Direction
- leaste5
- Comparator
- nanoparticlese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“a field trial of cotton against cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD)”
e5“Although treatment pesticide showed the least disease incidence compared to nanoparticles”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticles improved cotton plant growth parameters compared with control treatment.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Treatment
- these nanoparticlese6
- Outcome
- plant growth parameterse6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Comparator
- control treatmente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“a field trial of cotton against cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD)”
e6“these nanoparticles also improved the plant growth parameters as compared to control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles enhanced morphological parameters of cotton by 36%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse7
- Outcome
- morphologicale7
- Direction
- enhancede7
- Value
- 36%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“a field trial of cotton against cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD)”
e7“ZnO NPs enhanced morphological, yield parameters, and chlorophyll content by 36%, 22%, and 29%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles enhanced yield parameters of cotton by 22%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse7
- Outcome
- yield parameterse7
- Direction
- enhancede7
- Value
- 22%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“a field trial of cotton against cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD)”
e7“ZnO NPs enhanced morphological, yield parameters, and chlorophyll content by 36%, 22%, and 29%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles enhanced chlorophyll content of cotton by 29%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse7
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente7
- Direction
- enhancede7
- Value
- 29%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“a field trial of cotton against cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD)”
e7“ZnO NPs enhanced morphological, yield parameters, and chlorophyll content by 36%, 22%, and 29%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
FeO nanoparticles improved morphological parameters of cotton by 38%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Treatment
- FeO NPse1
- Outcome
- morphologicale7
- Direction
- improvementse1
- Value
- 38%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“a field trial of cotton against cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD)”
e7“ZnO NPs enhanced morphological, yield parameters, and chlorophyll content by 36%, 22%, and 29%, respectively”
e1“FeO NPs showed improvements by 38%, 21%, and 29%; Cu NPs 39%, 25%, and 29%; and Ag NPs 31%, 19%, and 18%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
FeO nanoparticles improved yield parameters of cotton by 21%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Treatment
- FeO NPse1
- Outcome
- yield parameterse7
- Direction
- improvementse1
- Value
- 21%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“a field trial of cotton against cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD)”
e7“ZnO NPs enhanced morphological, yield parameters, and chlorophyll content by 36%, 22%, and 29%, respectively”
e1“FeO NPs showed improvements by 38%, 21%, and 29%; Cu NPs 39%, 25%, and 29%; and Ag NPs 31%, 19%, and 18%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
FeO nanoparticles improved chlorophyll content of cotton by 29%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Treatment
- FeO NPse1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente7
- Direction
- improvementse1
- Value
- 29%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“a field trial of cotton against cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD)”
e7“ZnO NPs enhanced morphological, yield parameters, and chlorophyll content by 36%, 22%, and 29%, respectively”
e1“FeO NPs showed improvements by 38%, 21%, and 29%; Cu NPs 39%, 25%, and 29%; and Ag NPs 31%, 19%, and 18%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper nanoparticles improved morphological parameters of cotton by 39%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Treatment
- Cu NPse1
- Outcome
- morphologicale7
- Direction
- improvementse1
- Value
- 39%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“a field trial of cotton against cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD)”
e7“ZnO NPs enhanced morphological, yield parameters, and chlorophyll content by 36%, 22%, and 29%, respectively”
e1“FeO NPs showed improvements by 38%, 21%, and 29%; Cu NPs 39%, 25%, and 29%; and Ag NPs 31%, 19%, and 18%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper nanoparticles improved yield parameters of cotton by 25%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Treatment
- Cu NPse1
- Outcome
- yield parameterse7
- Direction
- improvementse1
- Value
- 25%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“a field trial of cotton against cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD)”
e7“ZnO NPs enhanced morphological, yield parameters, and chlorophyll content by 36%, 22%, and 29%, respectively”
e1“FeO NPs showed improvements by 38%, 21%, and 29%; Cu NPs 39%, 25%, and 29%; and Ag NPs 31%, 19%, and 18%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper nanoparticles improved chlorophyll content of cotton by 29%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Treatment
- Cu NPse1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente7
- Direction
- improvementse1
- Value
- 29%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“a field trial of cotton against cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD)”
e7“ZnO NPs enhanced morphological, yield parameters, and chlorophyll content by 36%, 22%, and 29%, respectively”
e1“FeO NPs showed improvements by 38%, 21%, and 29%; Cu NPs 39%, 25%, and 29%; and Ag NPs 31%, 19%, and 18%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Silver nanoparticles improved morphological parameters of cotton by 31%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Treatment
- Ag NPse1
- Outcome
- morphologicale7
- Direction
- improvementse1
- Value
- 31%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“a field trial of cotton against cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD)”
e7“ZnO NPs enhanced morphological, yield parameters, and chlorophyll content by 36%, 22%, and 29%, respectively”
e1“FeO NPs showed improvements by 38%, 21%, and 29%; Cu NPs 39%, 25%, and 29%; and Ag NPs 31%, 19%, and 18%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Silver nanoparticles improved yield parameters of cotton by 19%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Treatment
- Ag NPse1
- Outcome
- yield parameterse7
- Direction
- improvementse1
- Value
- 19%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“a field trial of cotton against cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD)”
e7“ZnO NPs enhanced morphological, yield parameters, and chlorophyll content by 36%, 22%, and 29%, respectively”
e1“FeO NPs showed improvements by 38%, 21%, and 29%; Cu NPs 39%, 25%, and 29%; and Ag NPs 31%, 19%, and 18%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Silver nanoparticles improved chlorophyll content of cotton by 18%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Treatment
- Ag NPse1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente7
- Direction
- improvementse1
- Value
- 18%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“a field trial of cotton against cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD)”
e7“ZnO NPs enhanced morphological, yield parameters, and chlorophyll content by 36%, 22%, and 29%, respectively”
e1“FeO NPs showed improvements by 38%, 21%, and 29%; Cu NPs 39%, 25%, and 29%; and Ag NPs 31%, 19%, and 18%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend foliar application of these nanoparticles at optimal thresholds as an alternative to traditional pesticides.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Outcome
- apply these nanoparticles at their optimal thresholds through foliar applicatione1
- Qualifier
- as an alternative to traditional pesticidese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“a field trial of cotton against cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD)”
e1“Farmers can apply these nanoparticles at their optimal thresholds through foliar application as an alternative to traditional pesticides”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.