Abstract
Drought is one of the abiotic stresses that can reduce crop yields. It has a major impact on crop yield reduction. For crops under stress, organic modifiers such as biochar can be useful. Guar ( Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.), an annual legume from the Fabaceae Family, is highly adaptable to arid and semi-arid regions, with many applications in various industries. Field experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications using a split-split plots arrangement. The aim was to evaluate the influence of irrigation levels (Ir1 = 10, Ir2 = 14, and Ir3 = 17 days irrigation cycle) and biochar (B1 = 0, B2 = 5, and B3 = 10 tons ha −1 ) application on physiological traits [(chlorophyll a and b, chlorophyll index (SPAD), relative leaf water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage (EL), canopy temperature, leaf area, water use efficiency (WUE)], morphological parameters (length and diameter of the stem, pod length, fresh weight of root and plant, root length), yield components (seed yield, number of branch plant −1 , number of clusters plant −1 , pod plant −1 , seed pod −1 , seed plant −1 , 1000-seed weight, and gum contents), and leaf nutrient uptake (Ca, Mg, P, Na, and K) of two commercial and local cultivars (cv1 = RGC-936 and cv2 = Saravan) of the guar plant. It was observed that the Ir3 irrigation treatment produced the highest seed yield (1921.8 kg ha −1 ) in terms of water stress. However, the maximum pod plant −1 (75.5), seed plant −1 (454.2), seed yield (1871.1 kg ha −1 ), leaf area (861.8 mm 2 ), SPAD (92.2), Mg (49.8 mg g −1 ), Na (43.3 mg g −1 ) and P (0.49 mg g −1 ) were observed in RGC-936. The results also revealed that biochar was more effective than cultivars in terms of morphological traits. While yield and yield components were affected by cultivar, irrigation at different levels also had a significant effect on functional traits, physiology, and morphology. The addition of biochar appeared to have a positive effect on water stress alleviation and guar growth and leaf nutrient uptake. According to Pearson’s correlation analysis, plant weight and length, root weight and length, stem diameter, seed pod −1 , branches plant −1 , and 1000-seed weight are moderately correlated with seed yield, while pod plant −1 and seed plant −1 are strongly associated with seed yield. On the other hand, the pod length, branches plant −1 , and gum content showed a positive but not significant relationship.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Ir3 irrigation gave the highest seed yield of 1921.8 kg ha −1.
- Taxon
- guar
Cyamopsis tetragonolobat0 - Treatment
- Ir3 irrigation treatmente0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1921.8 kg ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Ir3 irrigation treatment produced the highest seed yield (1921.8 kg ha −1 )”
t0“guar”
Claim · model-written summary
RGC-936 had maximum pod number, 75.5 per plant.
- Taxon
- guarCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Material
- RGC-936e0
- Outcome
- pod plant −1e0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 75.5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum pod plant −1 (75.5), seed plant −1 (454.2), seed yield (1871.1 kg ha −1 ), leaf area (861.8 mm 2 ), SPAD (92.2), Mg (49.8 mg g −1 ), Na (43.3 mg g −1 ) and P (0.49 mg g −1 ) were observed in RGC-936”
t0“guar”
Claim · model-written summary
RGC-936 had maximum seed number, 454.2 per plant.
- Taxon
- guarCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Material
- RGC-936e0
- Outcome
- seed plant −1e0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 454.2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum pod plant −1 (75.5), seed plant −1 (454.2), seed yield (1871.1 kg ha −1 ), leaf area (861.8 mm 2 ), SPAD (92.2), Mg (49.8 mg g −1 ), Na (43.3 mg g −1 ) and P (0.49 mg g −1 ) were observed in RGC-936”
t0“guar”
Claim · model-written summary
RGC-936 had maximum seed yield of 1871.1 kg ha −1.
- Taxon
- guarCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Material
- RGC-936e0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 1871.1 kg ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum pod plant −1 (75.5), seed plant −1 (454.2), seed yield (1871.1 kg ha −1 ), leaf area (861.8 mm 2 ), SPAD (92.2), Mg (49.8 mg g −1 ), Na (43.3 mg g −1 ) and P (0.49 mg g −1 ) were observed in RGC-936”
t0“guar”
Claim · model-written summary
RGC-936 had maximum leaf area of 861.8 mm 2.
- Taxon
- guarCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Material
- RGC-936e0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 861.8 mm 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum pod plant −1 (75.5), seed plant −1 (454.2), seed yield (1871.1 kg ha −1 ), leaf area (861.8 mm 2 ), SPAD (92.2), Mg (49.8 mg g −1 ), Na (43.3 mg g −1 ) and P (0.49 mg g −1 ) were observed in RGC-936”
t0“guar”
Claim · model-written summary
RGC-936 had maximum SPAD of 92.2.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum pod plant −1 (75.5), seed plant −1 (454.2), seed yield (1871.1 kg ha −1 ), leaf area (861.8 mm 2 ), SPAD (92.2), Mg (49.8 mg g −1 ), Na (43.3 mg g −1 ) and P (0.49 mg g −1 ) were observed in RGC-936”
t0“guar”
Claim · model-written summary
RGC-936 had maximum Mg content of 49.8 mg g −1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum pod plant −1 (75.5), seed plant −1 (454.2), seed yield (1871.1 kg ha −1 ), leaf area (861.8 mm 2 ), SPAD (92.2), Mg (49.8 mg g −1 ), Na (43.3 mg g −1 ) and P (0.49 mg g −1 ) were observed in RGC-936”
t0“guar”
Claim · model-written summary
RGC-936 had maximum Na content of 43.3 mg g −1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum pod plant −1 (75.5), seed plant −1 (454.2), seed yield (1871.1 kg ha −1 ), leaf area (861.8 mm 2 ), SPAD (92.2), Mg (49.8 mg g −1 ), Na (43.3 mg g −1 ) and P (0.49 mg g −1 ) were observed in RGC-936”
t0“guar”
Claim · model-written summary
RGC-936 had maximum P content of 0.49 mg g −1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum pod plant −1 (75.5), seed plant −1 (454.2), seed yield (1871.1 kg ha −1 ), leaf area (861.8 mm 2 ), SPAD (92.2), Mg (49.8 mg g −1 ), Na (43.3 mg g −1 ) and P (0.49 mg g −1 ) were observed in RGC-936”
t0“guar”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar was more effective than cultivar for morphological traits.
- Taxon
- guarCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- biochare0
- Outcome
- morphological traitse0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biochar was more effective than cultivars in terms of morphological traits”
t0“guar”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar positively affected water stress alleviation, growth and nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- guarCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Treatment
- biochare0
- Outcome
- water stress alleviation and guar growth and leaf nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biochar appeared to have a positive effect on water stress alleviation and guar growth and leaf nutrient uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant and root dimensions, stem diameter, seeds per pod, branches and seed weight correlated moderately with yield.
- Taxon
- guarCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Qualifier
- moderately correlatede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant weight and length, root weight and length, stem diameter, seed pod −1 , branches plant −1 , and 1000-seed weight are moderately correlated with seed yield”
t0“guar”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod and seed number per plant were strongly associated with seed yield.
- Taxon
- guarCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Organ / stage
- pode0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Qualifier
- strongly associatede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pod plant −1 and seed plant −1 are strongly associated with seed yield”
t0“guar”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod length, branch number and gum content had positive but nonsignificant relationships.
- Taxon
- guarCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Organ / stage
- pode0
- Outcome
- positive but not significant relationshipe0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the pod length, branches plant −1 , and gum content showed a positive but not significant relationship”
t0“guar”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · yield · Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →biochar · growth · Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.