Abstract
The contamination of soil with the heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is increasingly prominent and severely threatens food security in China. Owing to its low cost, suitable efficacy, and ability to address the shortcomings of plant remediation by enhancing the ability of plants to take up Cd, plant–microbe combination remediation technology has become a research hotspot in heavy metal pollution remediation. A pot experiment was performed to examine the effects of inoculation with the plant-growth-promoting bacterium Brevibacillus sp. SR-9 on the biomass, Cd accumulation, and soil nutrients of hybrid Pennisetum. The purpose of this study was to determine how Brevibacillus sp. SR-9 alleviates stress caused by heavy metal contamination. High-throughput sequencing and metabolomics were used to determine the effects of inoculation on the soil bacterial community composition and microbial metabolic functions associated with hybrid Pennisetum. The results suggest that mutation of Brevibacillus sp. SR-9 effectively alleviates Cd pollution stress, leading to increased biomass and accumulation of Cd in hybrid Pennisetum. The aboveground biomass and the root weight increased by 12.08% and 27.03%, respectively. Additionally, the accumulation of Cd in the aboveground sections and roots increased by 21.16% and 15.50%, respectively. Measurements of the physicochemical properties of the soil revealed that the strain Brevibacillus sp. SR-9 slightly increased the levels of available phosphorus, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and available potassium. High-throughput DNA sequencing revealed that Brevibacillus sp. SR-9 implantation modified the composition of the soil bacterial community by increasing the average number of Actinobacteria and Bacillus. The total nitrogen content of the soil was positively correlated with the Actinobacteria abundance, total phosphorus level, and available phosphorus level. Metabolomic analysis revealed that inoculation affected the abundance of soil metabolites, and 59 differentially abundant metabolites were identified (p < 0.05). Among these, 14 metabolites presented increased abundance, whereas 45 metabolites presented decreased abundance. Fourteen metabolic pathways were enriched in these metabolites: the folate resistance pathway, the ABC transporter pathway, D-glutamine and D-glutamic acid metabolism, purine metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism. The abundance of the metabolites was positively correlated with the levels of available phosphorus, total potassium, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen. According to correlation analyses, the development of hybrid Pennisetum and the accumulation of Cd are strongly associated with differentially abundant metabolites, which also impact the abundance of certain bacterial populations. This work revealed that by altering the makeup of microbial communities and their metabolic processes, bacteria that promote plant development can mitigate the stress caused by Cd. These findings reveal the microbiological mechanisms through which these bacteria increase the ability of hybrid Pennisetum to take up the Cd present in contaminated soils.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with Brevibacillus sp. SR-9 increased aboveground biomass of hybrid Pennisetum by 12.08%.
- Taxon
- hybrid Pennisetum
Pennisetumt0 - Treatment
- inoculation with the plant-growth-promoting bacterium Brevibacillus sp. SR-9e1
- Interactor
- Brevibacillus sp. SR-9e1other
- Outcome
- aboveground biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12.08%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hybrid Pennisetum”
e0“The aboveground biomass and the root weight increased by 12.08% and 27.03%, respectively”
e1“inoculation with the plant-growth-promoting bacterium Brevibacillus sp. SR-9”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with Brevibacillus sp. SR-9 increased root weight of hybrid Pennisetum by 27.03%.
- Taxon
- hybrid PennisetumPennisetumt0
- Treatment
- inoculation with the plant-growth-promoting bacterium Brevibacillus sp. SR-9e1
- Interactor
- Brevibacillus sp. SR-9e1other
- Outcome
- root weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 27.03%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hybrid Pennisetum”
e0“The aboveground biomass and the root weight increased by 12.08% and 27.03%, respectively”
e1“inoculation with the plant-growth-promoting bacterium Brevibacillus sp. SR-9”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased Cd accumulation in aboveground sections of hybrid Pennisetum by 21.16%.
- Taxon
- hybrid PennisetumPennisetumt0
- Treatment
- inoculation with the plant-growth-promoting bacterium Brevibacillus sp. SR-9e1
- Interactor
- Brevibacillus sp. SR-9e1other
- Outcome
- accumulation of Cd in the aboveground sectionse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 21.16%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hybrid Pennisetum”
e0“the accumulation of Cd in the aboveground sections and roots increased by 21.16% and 15.50%, respectively”
e1“inoculation with the plant-growth-promoting bacterium Brevibacillus sp. SR-9”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased Cd accumulation in roots of hybrid Pennisetum by 15.50%.
- Taxon
- hybrid PennisetumPennisetumt0
- Treatment
- inoculation with the plant-growth-promoting bacterium Brevibacillus sp. SR-9e1
- Interactor
- Brevibacillus sp. SR-9e1other
- Outcome
- accumulation of Cd in the aboveground sections and rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15.50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hybrid Pennisetum”
e0“the accumulation of Cd in the aboveground sections and roots increased by 21.16% and 15.50%, respectively”
e1“inoculation with the plant-growth-promoting bacterium Brevibacillus sp. SR-9”
Claim · model-written summary
The strain slightly increased soil available phosphorus, total nitrogen and total phosphorus.
- Taxon
- hybrid PennisetumPennisetumt0
- Treatment
- Brevibacillus sp. SR-9e0
- Outcome
- available phosphorus, total nitrogen, total phosphoruse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hybrid Pennisetum”
e0“the strain Brevibacillus sp. SR-9 slightly increased the levels of available phosphorus, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and available potassium”
Claim · model-written summary
The strain slightly increased soil available potassium.
- Taxon
- hybrid PennisetumPennisetumt0
- Treatment
- Brevibacillus sp. SR-9e0
- Outcome
- available potassiume0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hybrid Pennisetum”
e0“the strain Brevibacillus sp. SR-9 slightly increased the levels of available phosphorus, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and available potassium”
Claim · model-written summary
Brevibacillus sp. SR-9 implantation modified the soil bacterial community composition by increasing the average number of Actinobacteria and Bacillus.
- Taxon
- hybrid PennisetumPennisetumt0
- Treatment
- Brevibacillus sp. SR-9 implantatione0
- Interactor
- ActinobacteriaActinomycetotae0other
- Outcome
- average number of Actinobacteria and Bacilluse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hybrid Pennisetum”
e0“Brevibacillus sp. SR-9 implantation modified the composition of the soil bacterial community by increasing the average number of Actinobacteria and Bacillus”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil total nitrogen content was positively correlated with Actinobacteria abundance, total phosphorus and available phosphorus.
- Taxon
- hybrid PennisetumPennisetumt0
- Interactor
- ActinobacteriaActinomycetotae0other
- Outcome
- total nitrogen content of the soile0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hybrid Pennisetum”
e0“The total nitrogen content of the soil was positively correlated with the Actinobacteria abundance, total phosphorus level, and available phosphorus level”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation affected soil metabolite abundance, with 59 differentially abundant metabolites identified (p < 0.05).
- Taxon
- hybrid PennisetumPennisetumt0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- abundance of soil metabolitese0
- Value
- 59e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hybrid Pennisetum”
e0“inoculation affected the abundance of soil metabolites, and 59 differentially abundant metabolites were identified (p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Of the 59 differentially abundant metabolites, 14 showed increased abundance.
- Taxon
- hybrid PennisetumPennisetumt0
- Outcome
- metabolites presented increased abundancee0
- Value
- 14e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hybrid Pennisetum”
e0“14 metabolites presented increased abundance”
Claim · model-written summary
Of the 59 differentially abundant metabolites, 45 showed decreased abundance.
- Taxon
- hybrid PennisetumPennisetumt0
- Outcome
- metabolites presented decreased abundancee0
- Value
- 45e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hybrid Pennisetum”
e0“45 metabolites presented decreased abundance”
Claim · model-written summary
Fourteen metabolic pathways were enriched in the differentially abundant metabolites.
- Taxon
- hybrid PennisetumPennisetumt0
- Outcome
- metabolic pathways were enrichede0
- Value
- Fourteene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hybrid Pennisetum”
e0“Fourteen metabolic pathways were enriched in these metabolites”
Claim · model-written summary
The abundance of the metabolites was positively correlated with soil available phosphorus, total potassium, total phosphorus and total nitrogen.
- Taxon
- hybrid PennisetumPennisetumt0
- Compound
- available phosphorus, total potassium, total phosphorus, and total nitrogene0
- Outcome
- abundance of the metabolitese0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hybrid Pennisetum”
e0“The abundance of the metabolites was positively correlated with the levels of available phosphorus, total potassium, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Development of hybrid Pennisetum and Cd accumulation were strongly associated with differentially abundant metabolites, which also affect the abundance of certain bacterial populations.
- Taxon
- hybrid PennisetumPennisetumt0
- Compound
- differentially abundant metabolitese0
- Outcome
- development of hybrid Pennisetum and the accumulation of Cde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hybrid Pennisetum”
e0“the development of hybrid Pennisetum and the accumulation of Cd are strongly associated with differentially abundant metabolites”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that plant-growth-promoting bacteria mitigate Cd stress by altering the makeup of microbial communities and their metabolic processes.
- Taxon
- hybrid PennisetumPennisetumt0
- Outcome
- mitigate the stress caused by Cde0
- Qualifier
- altering the makeup of microbial communities and their metabolic processese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hybrid Pennisetum”
e0“by altering the makeup of microbial communities and their metabolic processes, bacteria that promote plant development can mitigate the stress caused by Cd”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · growth · PennisetumResults agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.