Abstract
Rice growth and yield response to salinity can be influenced by the duration and the timing of salt stress. The present study tested the effects of saline water irrigation from vegetative growth to maturity on rice growth and yield and ion concentrations in the straw and root and related them to changes in soil salinity and soil solute potential. The treatments consisted of five levels of saline water irrigation (electrical conductivity ~0.25 (control), 4, 6, 8, and 10 dS m-1) with two rice cultivars (BRRI dhan67 and BRRI dhan99) grown in pots in a rain shelter. Grain weight per pot, dry straw weight, and root weight were significantly reduced with increasing water salinity, but BRRI dhan99 was less affected. With prolonged saline water irrigation, salt concentration increased in the soil and lowered the soil solute potential. Increased saline water induced higher concentrations of Na+ in the straw (527-1200 mmol kg-1 at 4-10 dS m-1) relative to the root. By contrast, higher Cl- concentrations accumulated in the root than in the straw. The decrease of K+ in the straw and root for increasing salinity was inconsistent, but the Na+/K+ ratio sharply increased in the straw with higher water salinity. The increased Na+/K+ explained most grain weight loss due to higher salinity (R2 = 0.93) followed by Na+ (R2 = 0.87) and Cl-1 (R2 = 0.53). We conclude that the prolonged saline water irrigation has a cumulative effect on root zone salinity and solute potential that depresses grain yield in rice by increasing the Na+/K+ ratio in plants.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Grain weight per pot decreased significantly as irrigation water salinity increased.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- increasing water salinitye0
- Outcome
- Grain weight per pote0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- BRRI dhan99e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain weight per pot, dry straw weight, and root weight were significantly reduced with increasing water salinity, but BRRI dhan99 was less affected.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
dry straw weight decreased significantly as irrigation water salinity increased.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- increasing water salinitye0
- Outcome
- dry straw weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- BRRI dhan99e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain weight per pot, dry straw weight, and root weight were significantly reduced with increasing water salinity, but BRRI dhan99 was less affected.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
root weight decreased significantly as irrigation water salinity increased.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- increasing water salinitye0
- Outcome
- root weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- BRRI dhan99e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain weight per pot, dry straw weight, and root weight were significantly reduced with increasing water salinity, but BRRI dhan99 was less affected.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
BRRI dhan99 was less affected by saline water irrigation.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- BRRI dhan99e0
- Outcome
- less affectede0
- Direction
- less affectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain weight per pot, dry straw weight, and root weight were significantly reduced with increasing water salinity, but BRRI dhan99 was less affected.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Prolonged saline irrigation increased soil salt concentration.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- prolonged saline water irrigatione0
- Outcome
- salt concentration increased in the soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With prolonged saline water irrigation, salt concentration increased in the soil and lowered the soil solute potential.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Prolonged saline irrigation lowered soil solute potential.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- prolonged saline water irrigatione0
- Outcome
- soil solute potentiale0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With prolonged saline water irrigation, salt concentration increased in the soil and lowered the soil solute potential.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline irrigation raised straw sodium concentration relative to roots.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Increased saline watere0
- Outcome
- concentrations of Na+ in the strawe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 527-1200 mmol kg-1e0
- Comparator
- roote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased saline water induced higher concentrations of Na+ in the straw (527-1200 mmol kg-1 at 4-10 dS m-1) relative to the root.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloride concentration was higher in roots than straw.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- Cl- concentrationse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- strawe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By contrast, higher Cl- concentrations accumulated in the root than in the straw.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium decreased inconsistently in straw and root as salinity increased.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- K+ in the straw and roote0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- inconsistente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The decrease of K+ in the straw and root for increasing salinity was inconsistent, but the Na+/K+ ratio sharply increased in the straw with higher water salinity.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The straw Na+/K+ ratio sharply increased with greater water salinity.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- strawe0
- Outcome
- Na+/K+ ratioe0
- Direction
- sharply increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The decrease of K+ in the straw and root for increasing salinity was inconsistent, but the Na+/K+ ratio sharply increased in the straw with higher water salinity.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Na+/K+ explained grain weight loss under higher salinity (R2 = 0.93).
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- Na+/K+e0
- Outcome
- grain weight losse0
- Value
- 0.93e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increased Na+/K+ explained most grain weight loss due to higher salinity (R2 = 0.93) followed by Na+ (R2 = 0.87) and Cl-1 (R2 = 0.53).”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Na+ explained grain weight loss under higher salinity (R2 = 0.87).
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- Na+e0
- Outcome
- grain weight losse0
- Value
- 0.87e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increased Na+/K+ explained most grain weight loss due to higher salinity (R2 = 0.93) followed by Na+ (R2 = 0.87) and Cl-1 (R2 = 0.53).”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cl-1 explained grain weight loss under higher salinity (R2 = 0.53).
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- Cl-1e0
- Outcome
- grain weight losse0
- Value
- 0.53e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increased Na+/K+ explained most grain weight loss due to higher salinity (R2 = 0.93) followed by Na+ (R2 = 0.87) and Cl-1 (R2 = 0.53).”
t0“Rice”
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