Abstract
Abstract Background Nanotechnology has been recognized as a viable technology for enhancing agriculture, particularly in the plant pathogen management area. Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) is a global pathogen that affects many plant species, especially economically valuable crops. Currently, there is less data on the interaction of nanoparticles with phytopathogens, particularly viruses. The current study looked into how copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs)-mediated Haloxylon salicornicum aqueous extract can fight AMV infections on tobacco plants. Results Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses showed that CuO-NPs have a spherical and hexagonal structure ranging from 20 to 70 nm in size. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that the produced CuO-NPs have many functional groups and a lot of secondary plant metabolites. Under greenhouse conditions, the foliar application of CuO-NPs (100 ppm) enhanced tobacco growth and decreased viral symptoms. Treatment with CuO-NPs 48 h before (protective treatment) or 48 h after (curative treatment) AMV infection significantly reduced AMV accumulation levels by 97%. Additionally, the levels of total chlorophyll, phenolic, and flavonoid contents, as well as DPPH, exhibited a significant increase in tobacco leaves 30 days after inoculation in comparison to untreated plants. Moreover, considerable differences in levels of different antioxidant enzymes, including SOD, PPO, POX, and CAT, were also observed. On the other hand, the oxidative stress markers (MDA and H 2 O 2 ) were significantly reduced in CuO-NPs-treated plants compared with non-treated plants. It was also found that the protective treatment increased the expression levels of genes involved in the jasmonic pathway ( JERF3 and WRKY1 ). On the other hand, the curative treatment increased the expression levels of polyphenolic pathway acid ( CHI and HQT ) and the SA-signaling pathway genes ( PR-2 and POD ). The study of molecular docking interactions with four AMV target proteins showed that CuO-NPs had high binding energy with the viral replication protein 1a, measured at -3.2 kcal/mol. The binding with these proteins can suppress AMV replication and spread, potentially clarifying the mechanism behind the antiviral effect. Conclusions The overall analysis results indicate that the curative treatment is more influential and successful than the protective treatment in combating AMV infection. Consequentially, CuO-NPs could potentially be employed in foliar sprays for the effective and environmentally friendly management of plant virus infections.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar CuO-NP application (100 ppm) enhanced tobacco growth under greenhouse conditions.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume1 - Treatment
- foliar application of CuO-NPs (100 ppm)e1
- Interactor
- alfalfa mosaic virus
Alfamovirus AMVt0pathogen - Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“can fight AMV infections on tobacco plants”
e1“Under greenhouse conditions, the foliar application of CuO-NPs (100 ppm) enhanced tobacco growth and decreased viral symptoms”
t0“alfalfa mosaic virus”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar CuO-NP application (100 ppm) decreased viral symptoms on tobacco under greenhouse conditions.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- foliar application of CuO-NPs (100 ppm)e1
- Interactor
- alfalfa mosaic virusAlfamovirus AMVt0pathogen
- Outcome
- viral symptomse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“can fight AMV infections on tobacco plants”
e1“Under greenhouse conditions, the foliar application of CuO-NPs (100 ppm) enhanced tobacco growth and decreased viral symptoms”
t0“alfalfa mosaic virus”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment with CuO-NPs 48 h before AMV infection (protective treatment) significantly reduced AMV accumulation by 97%.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- Treatment with CuO-NPs 48 h before (protective treatment)e2
- Interactor
- AMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- AMV accumulation levelse2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 97%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“can fight AMV infections on tobacco plants”
e2“Treatment with CuO-NPs 48 h before (protective treatment) or 48 h after (curative treatment) AMV infection significantly reduced AMV accumulation levels by 97%”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment with CuO-NPs 48 h after AMV infection (curative treatment) significantly reduced AMV accumulation by 97%.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- 48 h after (curative treatment)e2
- Interactor
- AMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- AMV accumulation levelse2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 97%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“can fight AMV infections on tobacco plants”
e2“Treatment with CuO-NPs 48 h before (protective treatment) or 48 h after (curative treatment) AMV infection significantly reduced AMV accumulation levels by 97%”
Claim · model-written summary
Total chlorophyll, phenolic and flavonoid contents of tobacco leaves increased 30 days after inoculation compared with untreated plants.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume5
- Organ / stage
- leavese5
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll, phenolic, and flavonoid contentse5
- Direction
- increasee5
- Qualifier
- 30 days after inoculatione5
- Comparator
- untreated plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“can fight AMV infections on tobacco plants”
e5“the levels of total chlorophyll, phenolic, and flavonoid contents, as well as DPPH, exhibited a significant increase in tobacco leaves 30 days after inoculation in comparison to untreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
DPPH of tobacco leaves increased 30 days after inoculation compared with untreated plants.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume5
- Organ / stage
- leavese5
- Outcome
- DPPHe5
- Direction
- increasee5
- Qualifier
- 30 days after inoculatione5
- Comparator
- untreated plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“can fight AMV infections on tobacco plants”
e5“the levels of total chlorophyll, phenolic, and flavonoid contents, as well as DPPH, exhibited a significant increase in tobacco leaves 30 days after inoculation in comparison to untreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme levels (SOD, PPO, POX, CAT) differed considerably in tobacco after CuO-NP treatment.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Gene
- SOD, PPO, POX, and CATe6
- Outcome
- levels of different antioxidant enzymese6
- Qualifier
- considerable differencese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“can fight AMV infections on tobacco plants”
e6“considerable differences in levels of different antioxidant enzymes, including SOD, PPO, POX, and CAT, were also observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxidative stress markers (MDA and H2O2) were significantly reduced in CuO-NP-treated tobacco compared with non-treated plants.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- CuO-NPs-treatede7
- Outcome
- oxidative stress markerse7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Comparator
- non-treated plantse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“can fight AMV infections on tobacco plants”
e7“the oxidative stress markers (MDA and H 2 O 2 ) were significantly reduced in CuO-NPs-treated plants compared with non-treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The protective CuO-NP treatment increased expression of jasmonic pathway genes JERF3 and WRKY1 in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- protective treatmente1
- Gene
- JERF3 and WRKY1e1
- Outcome
- expression levels of genes involved in the jasmonic pathwaye1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“can fight AMV infections on tobacco plants”
e1“the protective treatment increased the expression levels of genes involved in the jasmonic pathway ( JERF3 and WRKY1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
The curative CuO-NP treatment increased expression of polyphenolic pathway genes CHI and HQT in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- curative treatmente1
- Gene
- CHI and HQTe1
- Outcome
- expression levels of polyphenolic pathway acide1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“can fight AMV infections on tobacco plants”
e1“the curative treatment increased the expression levels of polyphenolic pathway acid ( CHI and HQT ) and the SA-signaling pathway genes ( PR-2 and POD )”
Claim · model-written summary
The curative CuO-NP treatment increased expression of SA-signaling pathway genes PR-2 and POD in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- curative treatmente1
- Gene
- PR-2 and PODe1
- Outcome
- the SA-signaling pathway genese1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“can fight AMV infections on tobacco plants”
e1“the curative treatment increased the expression levels of polyphenolic pathway acid ( CHI and HQT ) and the SA-signaling pathway genes ( PR-2 and POD )”
Claim · model-written summary
CuO-NPs bind the AMV replication protein 1a with a binding energy of -3.2 kcal/mol in molecular docking.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Interactor
- AMVe0pathogen
- Gene
- viral replication protein 1ae1
- Compound
- CuO-NPse1
- Outcome
- binding energye1
- Value
- -3.2 kcal/mole1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“can fight AMV infections on tobacco plants”
e1“CuO-NPs had high binding energy with the viral replication protein 1a, measured at -3.2 kcal/mol”
Claim · model-written summary
The curative CuO-NP treatment is more influential and successful than the protective treatment in combating AMV infection.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- curative treatmente1
- Outcome
- combating AMV infectione1
- Direction
- more influential and successfule1
- Comparator
- protective treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“can fight AMV infections on tobacco plants”
e1“The overall analysis results indicate that the curative treatment is more influential and successful than the protective treatment in combating AMV infection”
Claim · model-written summary
CuO-NPs could be used in foliar sprays to manage plant virus infections in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- foliar sprayse1
- Outcome
- management of plant virus infectionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“can fight AMV infections on tobacco plants”
e1“CuO-NPs could potentially be employed in foliar sprays for the effective and environmentally friendly management of plant virus infections”
The same questions in other papers
nanoparticle · disease · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Positive and negative results
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- no effect
- no effect
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See all 12 papers →nanoparticle · physiology: oxidative · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.