Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2023 at Lovely Professional University, Punjab, using a split-plot design (SPD) with five main plot treatments and five subplot treatments, replicated three times, to evaluate the effects of intercropping and nutrient management on maize growth and productivity. The main plot treatments consisted of cropping systems: Sole maize (M1), Sole soybean (M2), Maize + Soybean (1:1, M3), Maize + Soybean (1:2, M4) and Maize + Soybean (2:3, M5). Subplot treatments included nutrient management strategies: Absolute control (S1), 100% RDF through inorganic fertilizers (S2), 70% RDF + NPK nano fertilizer spray (S3), 70% RDF + homemade NPK spray (S4) and 70% RDF + plant extract NPK spray (S5). Results indicated that monocropped maize and soybean systems outperformed intercropping in terms of growth and grain yield, with similar trends observed for stover yield. Among nutrient management practices, foliar application of plant extract NPK showed the most significant improvement, enhancing growth attributes and crop growth rate (CGR) by 14.1% in maize and 43.4% in soybean and increasing productivity by 18% in maize and 30.6% in soybean compared to the control. The interaction of maize and soybean with foliar plant extract NPK spray led to grain yield increases of 36.6% in maize and 50.7% in soybean compared to untreated controls. Furthermore, the crop equivalent yield and land equivalent ratio were maximized in the maizesoybean intercropping system at a 1:1 ratio. This study underscores the role of strategic nutrient management and intercropping in optimizing maize and soybean productivity, with foliar NPK plant extract spray showing the most promising results for enhancing growth and yield.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Sole maize had better growth and grain yield than intercropped maize.
- Treatment
- monocropped maizee0
- Outcome
- growth and grain yielde0
- Direction
- outperformede0
- Comparator
- intercroppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“monocropped maize and soybean systems outperformed intercropping in terms of growth and grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole soybean had better growth and grain yield than intercropped soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- soybean systemse0
- Outcome
- growth and grain yielde0
- Direction
- outperformede0
- Comparator
- intercroppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“monocropped maize and soybean systems outperformed intercropping in terms of growth and grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole maize showed a similar advantage in stover yield.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“monocropped maize and soybean systems outperformed intercropping in terms of growth and grain yield, with similar trends observed for stover yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole soybean showed a similar advantage in stover yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- soybean systemse0
- Outcome
- stover yielde0
- Direction
- outperformede0
- Comparator
- intercroppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“monocropped maize and soybean systems outperformed intercropping in terms of growth and grain yield, with similar trends observed for stover yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar plant extract NPK improved maize growth attributes and CGR by 14.1% versus control.
- Treatment
- foliar application of plant extract NPKe0
- Outcome
- growth attributes and crop growth rate (CGR)e0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Value
- 14.1%e0
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of plant extract NPK showed the most significant improvement, enhancing growth attributes and crop growth rate (CGR) by 14.1% in maize”
e1“compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar plant extract NPK improved soybean growth attributes and CGR by 43.4% versus control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- foliar application of plant extract NPKe0
- Outcome
- growth attributes and crop growth rate (CGR)e0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Value
- 43.4%e0
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of plant extract NPK showed the most significant improvement, enhancing growth attributes and crop growth rate (CGR) by 14.1% in maize and 43.4% in soybean”
e1“compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar plant extract NPK increased maize productivity by 18% versus control.
- Treatment
- foliar application of plant extract NPKe0
- Outcome
- productivitye0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 18%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of plant extract NPK showed the most significant improvement, enhancing growth attributes and crop growth rate (CGR) by 14.1% in maize and 43.4% in soybean and increasing productivity by 18% in maize and 30.6% in soybean compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar plant extract NPK increased soybean productivity by 30.6% versus control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- foliar application of plant extract NPKe0
- Outcome
- productivitye0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 30.6%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of plant extract NPK showed the most significant improvement, enhancing growth attributes and crop growth rate (CGR) by 14.1% in maize and 43.4% in soybean and increasing productivity by 18% in maize and 30.6% in soybean compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropped maize with foliar plant extract NPK had 36.6% higher grain yield than untreated controls.
- Treatment
- foliar plant extract NPK spraye0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 36.6%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction of maize and soybean with foliar plant extract NPK spray led to grain yield increases of 36.6% in maize and 50.7% in soybean compared to untreated controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropped soybean with foliar plant extract NPK had 50.7% higher grain yield than untreated controls.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- foliar plant extract NPK spraye0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 50.7%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction of maize and soybean with foliar plant extract NPK spray led to grain yield increases of 36.6% in maize and 50.7% in soybean compared to untreated controls”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1:1 maize soybean intercrop maximized crop equivalent yield and land equivalent ratio.
- Taxon
- maize and soybeanGlycine max
Zea mayse1 - Treatment
- maizesoybean intercropping system at a 1:1 ratioe0
- Outcome
- crop equivalent yield and land equivalent ratioe0
- Direction
- maximizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the crop equivalent yield and land equivalent ratio were maximized in the maizesoybean intercropping system at a 1:1 ratio”
e1“maize and soybean in a maize + soybean cropping system”
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See all 340 papers →8 of 15 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.