Abstract
At present, there is growing consumer interest in Triticum spelta L., which has high nutritional value. This species is recommended for cultivation in organic farming. In this system of agriculture, biofertilizers are an alternative to mineral fertilization. Biofertilizers stimulate plant growth by providing nutrients through the biological fixation of molecular nitrogen from the air or by increasing the availability of insoluble nutrients in the soil and by synthesizing substances that stimulate plant growth. Green manure biomass and root secretions provide growth material for soil microorganisms, and microorganisms return nutrients to the soil and plants through nutrient decomposition and conversion. Considering the many benefits of using biofertilizers and growing cereals with cover crops for green manure in cereal rotations, field research was carried out on an organic farm to evaluate the soil microbes and the amount of biomass from green manures and their follow-up effect on Triticum spelta L. yields using biofertilizers. Two factors were researched: (I) biofertilizers: control object (no biofertilizer), Azotobacter chroococcum + Azospirillum lipoferum Br 17, Arthrobacter agilis + Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum, and combined application of atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacteria with phosphate solubilizing bacteria; (II) green manures: control object (no green manure application), Trifolium pratense L., Trifolium pratense L. + Lolium multiflorum L., and Lolium multiflorum L. The results show that the most favorable abundance of microorganisms determined in the soil after harvesting Hordeum vulgare L. was recorded after the application of biofertilizers containing atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacteria with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria under a mixture of Trifolium pratense L. with Lolium multiflorum L. Plowing green manure from a mixture of Trifolium pratense L. with Lolium multiflorum L. resulted in an average increase of 39% in grain yield of Triticum spelta L., while the application of a biofertilizer containing Azotobacter chroococcum + Azospirillum lipoferum Br 17 + Arthrobacter agilis + Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum resulted in an average increase of 63%. The proposed spelt wheat cultivation technique can be recommended for agricultural practice due to the positive response of grain yield, but it may also be an important direction for further research to reduce the negative impact of agriculture on the environment.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizers containing atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacteria with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria gave the most favorable soil microorganism abundance under a Trifolium pratense and Lolium multiflorum mixture.
- Taxon
- Triticum spelta L.
_Locatie_De_Kruidhof.JPG?width=60)
Triticum speltae0 - Treatment
- biofertilizers containing atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacteria with phosphate-solubilizing bacteriae1
- Interactor
- atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacteriae1symbiont
- Second interactor
- phosphate-solubilizing bacteriae1symbiont
- Outcome
- abundance of microorganismse1
- Direction
- most favorablee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Locatie_De_Kruidhof.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“At present, there is growing consumer interest in Triticum spelta L., which has high nutritional value”
e1“The results show that the most favorable abundance of microorganisms determined in the soil after harvesting Hordeum vulgare L. was recorded after the application of biofertilizers containing atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacteria with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria under a mixture of Trifolium pratense L. with Lolium multiflorum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Plowing green manure from a Trifolium pratense and Lolium multiflorum mixture increased spelt grain yield by an average of 39% compared with no green manure.
- Taxon
- Triticum spelta L.Triticum speltae0
- Treatment
- Plowing green manure from a mixture of Trifolium pratense L. with Lolium multiflorum L.e2
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 39%e2
- Comparator
- no green manure applicatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At present, there is growing consumer interest in Triticum spelta L., which has high nutritional value”
e2“Plowing green manure from a mixture of Trifolium pratense L. with Lolium multiflorum L. resulted in an average increase of 39% in grain yield of Triticum spelta L.”
e4“green manures: control object (no green manure application)”
Claim · model-written summary
The biofertilizer containing Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum lipoferum Br 17 with two other strains increased spelt grain yield by an average of 63% compared with no biofertilizer.
- Taxon
- Triticum spelta L.Triticum speltae0
- Treatment
- biofertilizer containing Azotobacter chroococcum + Azospirillum lipoferum Br 17 + Arthrobacter agilis + Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticume3
- Interactor
- Azotobacter chroococcumAzotobacter chroococcume3symbiont
- Second interactor
- Azospirillum lipoferum Br 17Azospirillum lipoferume3symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- increasee3
- Value
- 63%e3
- Comparator
- no biofertilizere5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At present, there is growing consumer interest in Triticum spelta L., which has high nutritional value”
e2“Plowing green manure from a mixture of Trifolium pratense L. with Lolium multiflorum L. resulted in an average increase of 39% in grain yield of Triticum spelta L.”
e3“the application of a biofertilizer containing Azotobacter chroococcum + Azospirillum lipoferum Br 17 + Arthrobacter agilis + Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum resulted in an average increase of 63%”
e5“biofertilizers: control object (no biofertilizer)”
Claim · model-written summary
The proposed spelt wheat cultivation technique can be recommended for agricultural practice.
- Taxon
- Triticum spelta L.Triticum speltae0
- Outcome
- spelt wheat cultivation techniquee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At present, there is growing consumer interest in Triticum spelta L., which has high nutritional value”
e6“The proposed spelt wheat cultivation technique can be recommended for agricultural practice due to the positive response of grain yield”
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See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.