Abstract
S ans FX, B erner A, A rmengot L & M äder P (2011). Tillage effects on weed communities in an organic winter wheat–sunflower–spelt cropping sequence. Weed Research 51 , 413–421. Summary Conservation tillage could provide environmental benefits to organic farming. However, potential weed problems often tend to discourage farmers from adopting it. The effects of tillage (reduced vs. conventional), fertilisation (slurry vs. manure compost) and the application of biodynamic preparations (with and without) on crop yield and on weed cover, diversity and biological attributes were investigated in a cropping sequence of wheat, sunflower and spelt. Total weed cover and perennial cover in reduced tillage treatments were two to three times greater than in conventional treatments. Monocotyledon cover in reduced tillage was three times that in conventional tillage in spelt, whereas the dicotyledon Stellaria media dominated in sunflower. Weed diversity was similar across treatments, regardless of cereal crop, whereas lower diversity values were observed with reduced tillage in sunflower, because of the dominance of S. media . There was virtually no effect of fertilisation and biodynamic preparations on weed parameters. Although wheat and spelt yield decreased in reduced tillage plots (14% and 8% respectively), the sunflower grain yield was unaffected. Reduced tillage could thus be useful in organic cropping systems but would require proper management of perennial and monocotyledonous weeds, which are often problematic for annual crops.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Total weed cover and perennial weed cover in reduced tillage were two to three times those in conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- reduced tillage treatmentse1
- Outcome
- Total weed cover and perennial covere1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Value
- two to three timese1
- Comparator
- conventional treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were investigated in a cropping sequence of wheat, sunflower and spelt”
e1“Total weed cover and perennial cover in reduced tillage treatments were two to three times greater than in conventional treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Monocotyledon cover in reduced tillage was about three times that in conventional tillage in spelt.
- Taxon
- spelt
_Locatie_De_Kruidhof.JPG?width=60)
Triticum speltae2 - Treatment
- reduced tillagee2
- Outcome
- Monocotyledon covere2
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Value
- three timese2
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Locatie_De_Kruidhof.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e2“Monocotyledon cover in reduced tillage was three times that in conventional tillage in spelt”
Claim · model-written summary
The dicotyledon Stellaria media dominated the weeds in sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse3 - Interactor
- Stellaria media
Stellaria mediae3weed - Outcome
- dominatede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“whereas the dicotyledon Stellaria media dominated in sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed diversity values were lower with reduced tillage in sunflower, because of S. media dominance.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse4
- Treatment
- reduced tillagee4
- Interactor
- S. mediaStellaria mediae4weed
- Outcome
- diversity valuese4
- Direction
- lowere4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“lower diversity values were observed with reduced tillage in sunflower, because of the dominance of S. media”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed diversity was similar across treatments regardless of cereal crop.
Verbatim
e5“Weed diversity was similar across treatments, regardless of cereal crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilisation and biodynamic preparations had virtually no effect on weed parameters.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- fertilisation and biodynamic preparationse6
- Outcome
- weed parameterse6
- Direction
- no effecte6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“There was virtually no effect of fertilisation and biodynamic preparations on weed parameters”
e0“were investigated in a cropping sequence of wheat, sunflower and spelt”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced tillage decreased wheat yield by 14%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- reduced tillage plotse7
- Outcome
- yielde7
- Direction
- decreasede7
- Value
- 14%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Although wheat and spelt yield decreased in reduced tillage plots (14% and 8% respectively), the sunflower grain yield was unaffected”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced tillage decreased spelt yield by 8%.
- Taxon
- speltTriticum speltae7
- Treatment
- reduced tillage plotse7
- Outcome
- yielde7
- Direction
- decreasede7
- Value
- 8%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Although wheat and spelt yield decreased in reduced tillage plots (14% and 8% respectively), the sunflower grain yield was unaffected”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced tillage did not affect sunflower grain yield.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse7
- Treatment
- reduced tillage plotse7
- Outcome
- grain yielde7
- Direction
- unaffectede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Although wheat and spelt yield decreased in reduced tillage plots (14% and 8% respectively), the sunflower grain yield was unaffected”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced tillage could be useful in organic cropping if perennial and monocotyledonous weeds are managed.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- management of perennial and monocotyledonous weedse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Reduced tillage could thus be useful in organic cropping systems but would require proper management of perennial and monocotyledonous weeds”
e0“were investigated in a cropping sequence of wheat, sunflower and spelt”
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