Abstract
Little is known about the influence of deep loosening and its combination with primary soil tillage and organic fertilizers on weed incidence in crops. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of different soil tillage methods and their combinations with deep loosening and organic fertilizers on the weed incidence in a crop rotation. An experiment was carried out at Vaiiai Branch of Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry during the period 2012-2015 in a four-course crop rotation: winter wheat spring rape spring barley with undersown red clover red clover. The soil of the experimental site is Dystri-Epihypogleyic Albeluvisol (ABg-p-w-dy) with a sandy loam texture. Soil tillage methods (conventional ploughing, shallow ploughing, shallow ploughless tillage), organic fertilizers (without organic fertilizers, straw, green manure 1 st cut + straw, green manure 2 nd cut + straw, farmyard manure 40 t ha -1 + straw) and deep loosening impact on weed incidence was very unequal during the experimental years and depended on plant growth and development conditions. In all experimental years, primary tillage had the main influence on the examined indicators of weed incidence (weed number and dry mass). Significantly greater number and mass of weeds were established in shallow ploughed soil. Organic fertilizers did not have any significant influence on the indicators of weed incidence; however, the use of red clover of the first cut for green manure tended to reduce weed number in the crops of the rotation during the first half of the plant growing season. A significant influence of a onetime deep loosening was observed in the first year. After improving soil aeration and humidity conditions, weed number and dry mass were significantly greater, compared to unloosened plots. The interaction between deep loosening and soil tillage methods had a great effect as well. Having used deep loosening in shallow ploughless tillage treatments, the weed number was greater compared to deeply ploughed soil.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Shallow ploughing yielded significantly greater weed number and mass.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- shallow ploughed soile0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- number and mass of weedse0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly greater number and mass of weeds were established in shallow ploughed soil.”
e1“winter wheat spring rape spring barley with undersown red clover red clover.”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizers had no significant influence on weed-incidence indicators.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Organic fertilizerse0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- indicators of weed incidencee0
- Direction
- did not have any significant influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Organic fertilizers did not have any significant influence on the indicators of weed incidence”
e1“winter wheat spring rape spring barley with undersown red clover red clover.”
Claim · model-written summary
First-cut red clover green manure tended to reduce weed number early in the growing season.
- Taxon
- red clover
Trifolium pratensee0 - Treatment
- red clover of the first cut for green manuree0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed numbere0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Qualifier
- first half of the plant growing seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of red clover of the first cut for green manure tended to reduce weed number in the crops of the rotation during the first half of the plant growing season”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep loosening increased weed number and dry mass significantly in the first year versus unloosened plots.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- onetime deep looseninge0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed number and dry masse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- first yeare0
- Comparator
- unloosened plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant influence of a onetime deep loosening was observed in the first year. After improving soil aeration and humidity conditions, weed number and dry mass were significantly greater, compared to unloosened plots.”
e1“winter wheat spring rape spring barley with undersown red clover red clover.”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep loosening with shallow ploughless tillage produced more weeds than deeply ploughed soil.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- deep loosening in shallow ploughless tillage treatmentse0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed numbere0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- deeply ploughed soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Having used deep loosening in shallow ploughless tillage treatments, the weed number was greater compared to deeply ploughed soil.”
e1“winter wheat spring rape spring barley with undersown red clover red clover.”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · weed · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
56 papers in the same direction as this paper · 126 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
179 papers more in this group
See all 183 papers →fertilization · weed · Trifolium pratense (red clover)Positive and negative results
1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
fertilization · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
34 papers in the same direction as this paper · 72 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
103 papers more in this group
See all 107 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.