Abstract
Agricultural soil contaminated with heavy metals gradually affects crop yield and its quality. Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that severely affects crop yield, such as Brassica rapa L. (turnip), which is grown in arid and semiarid regions worldwide. It also affects seed germination and seedling development. The exogenous application of triacontanol (Tria, C30H61OH) has the potential to alleviate heavy metal-induced toxic effects and promote crop yield even in contaminated environments. Therefore, in the present work, Tria was tested to lessen the toxicity of Cd to turnip plants. The current study aimed to determine how seed priming and foliar application of Tria (10 and 20 ppm) influence the morphophysiological and yield characteristics of turnip plants under Cd-induced growth inhibition. Cd reduced turnip growth by affecting its morphology, biomass, and yield parameters. On the other hand, Tria at 20 ppm via SP+FS (seed priming + foliar spray) enhanced plant growth by increasing its root and leaf fresh weight by 80 and 54%, Chl a (59%), Chl b (27%), phenolic content (39%), and mineral contents of Mg (60%) and K (39%) compared with those in the plants treated with only Cd. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) activity was enhanced by up to 48% and ascorbic acid content by up to 96% in Cd-treated plants. These findings suggest that Tria application via both methods improved turnip yield by increasing tolerance to Cd toxicity. Therefore, this study paves the way for further exploration into a very cheap and economical way of enhancing crop production against Cd stress for farmers.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced turnip growth, including morphology, biomass and yield parameters.
- Taxon
- turnip
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica rapa subsp. rapae1 - Treatment
- Cde1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Cd reduced turnip growth by affecting its morphology, biomass, and yield parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Triacontanol at 20 ppm via SP+FS increased turnip root fresh weight by 80% compared with Cd-only plants.
- Taxon
- turnipBrassica rapa subsp. rapae1
- Organ / stage
- roote2
- Treatment
- Tria at 20 ppm via SP+FS (seed priming + foliar spray)e2
- Outcome
- fresh weighte2
- Direction
- increasinge2
- Value
- 80 and 54%e2
- Comparator
- plants treated with only Cde2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cd reduced turnip growth by affecting its morphology, biomass, and yield parameters”
e2“Tria at 20 ppm via SP+FS (seed priming + foliar spray) enhanced plant growth by increasing its root and leaf fresh weight by 80 and 54%, Chl a (59%), Chl b (27%), phenolic content (39%), and mineral contents of Mg (60%) and K (39%) compared with those in the plants treated with only Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
Triacontanol at 20 ppm via SP+FS increased turnip leaf fresh weight by 54% compared with Cd-only plants.
- Taxon
- turnipBrassica rapa subsp. rapae1
- Organ / stage
- leafe2
- Treatment
- Tria at 20 ppm via SP+FS (seed priming + foliar spray)e2
- Outcome
- fresh weighte2
- Direction
- increasinge2
- Value
- 54%e2
- Comparator
- plants treated with only Cde2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cd reduced turnip growth by affecting its morphology, biomass, and yield parameters”
e2“Tria at 20 ppm via SP+FS (seed priming + foliar spray) enhanced plant growth by increasing its root and leaf fresh weight by 80 and 54%, Chl a (59%), Chl b (27%), phenolic content (39%), and mineral contents of Mg (60%) and K (39%) compared with those in the plants treated with only Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
Triacontanol at 20 ppm via SP+FS increased chlorophyll a content by 59% compared with Cd-only plants.
- Taxon
- turnipBrassica rapa subsp. rapae1
- Treatment
- Tria at 20 ppm via SP+FS (seed priming + foliar spray)e2
- Outcome
- Chl ae2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 59%e2
- Comparator
- plants treated with only Cde2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cd reduced turnip growth by affecting its morphology, biomass, and yield parameters”
e2“Tria at 20 ppm via SP+FS (seed priming + foliar spray) enhanced plant growth by increasing its root and leaf fresh weight by 80 and 54%, Chl a (59%), Chl b (27%), phenolic content (39%), and mineral contents of Mg (60%) and K (39%) compared with those in the plants treated with only Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
Triacontanol at 20 ppm via SP+FS increased chlorophyll b content by 27% compared with Cd-only plants.
- Taxon
- turnipBrassica rapa subsp. rapae1
- Treatment
- Tria at 20 ppm via SP+FS (seed priming + foliar spray)e2
- Outcome
- Chl be2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 27%e2
- Comparator
- plants treated with only Cde2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cd reduced turnip growth by affecting its morphology, biomass, and yield parameters”
e2“Tria at 20 ppm via SP+FS (seed priming + foliar spray) enhanced plant growth by increasing its root and leaf fresh weight by 80 and 54%, Chl a (59%), Chl b (27%), phenolic content (39%), and mineral contents of Mg (60%) and K (39%) compared with those in the plants treated with only Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
Triacontanol at 20 ppm via SP+FS increased phenolic content by 39% compared with Cd-only plants.
- Taxon
- turnipBrassica rapa subsp. rapae1
- Treatment
- Tria at 20 ppm via SP+FS (seed priming + foliar spray)e2
- Outcome
- phenolic contente2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 39%e2
- Comparator
- plants treated with only Cde2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cd reduced turnip growth by affecting its morphology, biomass, and yield parameters”
e2“Tria at 20 ppm via SP+FS (seed priming + foliar spray) enhanced plant growth by increasing its root and leaf fresh weight by 80 and 54%, Chl a (59%), Chl b (27%), phenolic content (39%), and mineral contents of Mg (60%) and K (39%) compared with those in the plants treated with only Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
Triacontanol at 20 ppm via SP+FS increased turnip Mg content by 60% compared with Cd-only plants.
- Taxon
- turnipBrassica rapa subsp. rapae1
- Treatment
- Tria at 20 ppm via SP+FS (seed priming + foliar spray)e2
- Outcome
- mineral contents of Mge2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 60%e2
- Comparator
- plants treated with only Cde2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cd reduced turnip growth by affecting its morphology, biomass, and yield parameters”
e2“Tria at 20 ppm via SP+FS (seed priming + foliar spray) enhanced plant growth by increasing its root and leaf fresh weight by 80 and 54%, Chl a (59%), Chl b (27%), phenolic content (39%), and mineral contents of Mg (60%) and K (39%) compared with those in the plants treated with only Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
Triacontanol at 20 ppm via SP+FS increased turnip K content by 39% compared with Cd-only plants.
- Taxon
- turnipBrassica rapa subsp. rapae1
- Treatment
- Tria at 20 ppm via SP+FS (seed priming + foliar spray)e2
- Outcome
- mineral contentse2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 39%e2
- Qualifier
- Ke2
- Comparator
- plants treated with only Cde2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cd reduced turnip growth by affecting its morphology, biomass, and yield parameters”
e2“Tria at 20 ppm via SP+FS (seed priming + foliar spray) enhanced plant growth by increasing its root and leaf fresh weight by 80 and 54%, Chl a (59%), Chl b (27%), phenolic content (39%), and mineral contents of Mg (60%) and K (39%) compared with those in the plants treated with only Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd-treated turnip plants showed DPPH activity enhanced by up to 48%.
- Taxon
- turnipBrassica rapa subsp. rapae1
- Treatment
- Cde4
- Outcome
- DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) activitye4
- Direction
- enhancede4
- Value
- 48%e4
- Qualifier
- up toe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cd reduced turnip growth by affecting its morphology, biomass, and yield parameters”
e4“DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) activity was enhanced by up to 48% and ascorbic acid content by up to 96% in Cd-treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd-treated turnip plants showed ascorbic acid content increased by up to 96%.
- Taxon
- turnipBrassica rapa subsp. rapae1
- Treatment
- Cde4
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid contente4
- Direction
- increaseinferrede4
- Value
- 96%e4
- Qualifier
- up toe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cd reduced turnip growth by affecting its morphology, biomass, and yield parameters”
e4“DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) activity was enhanced by up to 48% and ascorbic acid content by up to 96% in Cd-treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Tria application via both methods is suggested to improve turnip yield by increasing tolerance to Cd toxicity.
- Taxon
- turnipBrassica rapa subsp. rapae5
- Treatment
- Tria application via both methodse5
- Outcome
- turnip yielde5
- Direction
- improvede5
- Qualifier
- by increasing tolerance to Cd toxicitye5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“These findings suggest that Tria application via both methods improved turnip yield by increasing tolerance to Cd toxicity”
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