Abstract
The present study has evaluated different soybean genotypes to understand the salt and drought tolerance mechanisms based on physiological traits (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll, and cell membrane stability), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase), reactive oxygen species (H 2 O 2 and O 2 •− ), osmolytes (glycine betaine, proline, and Na + /K + ), plant water relations (relative water content, water potential, and solute potential) and expression of related genes ( GmCAT1 , GmPOD1 , GmSOD , GmP5CS , GmNHX1 , GmAKT1 , GmDREB1 , and GmARF1 ). The experiment was conducted in a two-factorial arrangement using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with genotypes as one factor and salt, drought, and control treatments as the other factor. All physiological traits, relative water content, and water potential decreased significantly in all soybean genotypes due to individual and combined treatments of drought and salt stress, with significantly less decrease in soybean genotypes G4620RX, DM45X61, and NARC-21. Besides that, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, production of ROS, accumulation of osmolytes, solute potential, and Na + /K + ratio were increased significantly in all soybean genotypes under salt and water deficit conditions. As a whole, the soybean genotypes G4620RX, DM45X61, and NARC-21 showed the maximum enzymatic activity with less increase in ROS and Na + /K + in addition to a high accumulation of osmolytes and an increase in solute potential. Correspondingly, the genotypes exhibiting high physiological and biochemical tolerance to drought and salt stresses showed the high expression of genes imparting the stress tolerance. Moreover, correlation, heatmap, and principal component analysis further confirmed the varying physiological and biochemical responses of all soybean genotypes under individual and combined applications of drought and salinity stresses. Overall, the present study confirmed that plants opt for the integrated physiological, biochemical, and genetic approaches to counteract the harmful effects of environmental stresses.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Drought and salt stress significantly reduced physiological traits in all soybean genotypes.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- individual and combined treatments of drought and salt stresse0
- Outcome
- physiological traitse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All physiological traits, relative water content, and water potential decreased significantly in all soybean genotypes due to individual and combined treatments of drought and salt stress, with significantly less decrease in soybean genotypes G4620RX, DM45X61, and NARC-21.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought and salt stress significantly reduced relative water content and water potential.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- individual and combined treatments of drought and salt stresse0
- Outcome
- relative water content, and water potentiale0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All physiological traits, relative water content, and water potential decreased significantly in all soybean genotypes due to individual and combined treatments of drought and salt stress, with significantly less decrease in soybean genotypes G4620RX, DM45X61, and NARC-21.”
Claim · model-written summary
G4620RX showed significantly less physiological decline under stress.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- G4620RXe0
- Outcome
- decreasee0
- Direction
- less decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with significantly less decrease in soybean genotypes G4620RX, DM45X61, and NARC-21.”
Claim · model-written summary
DM45X61 showed significantly less physiological decline under stress.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- DM45X61e0
- Outcome
- decreasee0
- Direction
- less decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with significantly less decrease in soybean genotypes G4620RX, DM45X61, and NARC-21.”
Claim · model-written summary
NARC-21 showed significantly less physiological decline under stress.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- NARC-21e0
- Outcome
- decreasee0
- Direction
- less decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with significantly less decrease in soybean genotypes G4620RX, DM45X61, and NARC-21.”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme activity and ROS production increased significantly under salt and water deficit.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- salt and water deficit conditionse0
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant enzymes, production of ROSe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activity of antioxidant enzymes, production of ROS, accumulation of osmolytes, solute potential, and Na + /K + ratio were increased significantly in all soybean genotypes under salt and water deficit conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmolyte accumulation, solute potential and Na+/K+ ratio increased significantly under stress.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- salt and water deficit conditionse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of osmolytes, solute potential, and Na + /K + ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activity of antioxidant enzymes, production of ROS, accumulation of osmolytes, solute potential, and Na + /K + ratio were increased significantly in all soybean genotypes under salt and water deficit conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
G4620RX showed maximum enzyme activity, high osmolytes and solute potential, with less ROS and Na+/K+ increase.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- G4620RXe0
- Outcome
- maximum enzymatic activitye0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the soybean genotypes G4620RX, DM45X61, and NARC-21 showed the maximum enzymatic activity with less increase in ROS and Na + /K + in addition to a high accumulation of osmolytes and an increase in solute potential.”
Claim · model-written summary
DM45X61 showed maximum enzyme activity with lower ROS and Na+/K+ increases.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- DM45X61e0
- Outcome
- maximum enzymatic activitye0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the soybean genotypes G4620RX, DM45X61, and NARC-21 showed the maximum enzymatic activity with less increase in ROS and Na + /K + in addition to a high accumulation of osmolytes and an increase in solute potential.”
Claim · model-written summary
NARC-21 showed maximum enzyme activity with lower ROS and Na+/K+ increases.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- NARC-21e0
- Outcome
- maximum enzymatic activitye0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the soybean genotypes G4620RX, DM45X61, and NARC-21 showed the maximum enzymatic activity with less increase in ROS and Na + /K + in addition to a high accumulation of osmolytes and an increase in solute potential.”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress tolerant genotypes had high expression of related tolerance genes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- genotypes exhibiting high physiological and biochemical tolerancee0
- Outcome
- high expression of genese0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the genotypes exhibiting high physiological and biochemical tolerance to drought and salt stresses showed the high expression of genes imparting the stress tolerance.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Multivariate analyses confirmed varying physiological and biochemical responses to individual and combined stresses.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- varying physiological and biochemical responsese0
- Value
- all soybean genotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“correlation, heatmap, and principal component analysis further confirmed the varying physiological and biochemical responses of all soybean genotypes under individual and combined applications of drought and salinity stresses.”
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See all 77 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.