Abstract
Phytopathogens pose a serious threat to agriculture, causing a decrease in yield and product quality. This necessitates the development of methods for early detection of phytopathogens, which will reduce losses and improve product quality by using lower quantities of agrochemicals. In this study, the efficiency of spectral imaging in the early detection and differentiation of diseases caused by pathogens of different types (Potato virus X (PVX) and the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae) was analyzed. An evaluation of the visual symptoms of diseases demonstrated the presence of pronounced symptoms in the case of bacterial infection and an almost complete absence of visual symptoms in the case of viral infection. P. syringae caused severe inhibition of photosynthetic activity in the infected leaf, while PVX did not have a pronounced effect on photosynthetic activity. Reflectance spectra of infected and healthy plants were detected in the range from 400 to 1000 nm using a hyperspectral camera, and the dynamics of infection-induced changes during disease progression were analyzed. P. syringae caused a strong increase in reflectance in the blue and red spectral ranges, as well as a decrease in the near-infrared range. PVX-induced changes in the reflectance spectrum had smaller amplitudes compared to P. syringae, and were localized mainly in the red edge (RE) range. The entire set of normalized reflectance indices (NRI) for the analyzed spectral range was calculated. The most sensitive NRIs to bacterial (NRI510/545, NRI510/850) and viral (NRI600/850, NRI700/850) infections were identified. The use of these indices makes it possible to detect the disease at an early stage. The study of the identified NRIs demonstrated the possibility of using the multispectral imaging method in early pathogen detection, which has high performance and a low cost of analysis.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial infection produced pronounced visual symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianat0 - Outcome
- pronounced symptomse0
- Qualifier
- bacterial infectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“the presence of pronounced symptoms in the case of bacterial infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Viral infection produced an almost complete absence of visual symptoms.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Outcome
- absence of visual symptomse0
- Qualifier
- viral infectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“an almost complete absence of visual symptoms in the case of viral infection”
Claim · model-written summary
P. syringae caused severe inhibition of photosynthetic activity in the infected leaf.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- P. syringaee0
- Interactor
- P. syringae
Pseudomonas syringaee0pathogen - Outcome
- photosynthetic activitye0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“P. syringae caused severe inhibition of photosynthetic activity in the infected leaf”
Claim · model-written summary
PVX did not have a pronounced effect on photosynthetic activity.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- PVXe0
- Interactor
- PVXPotato virus Xe0pathogen
- Outcome
- photosynthetic activitye0
- Direction
- did not have a pronounced effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“while PVX did not have a pronounced effect on photosynthetic activity”
Claim · model-written summary
P. syringae caused a strong increase in reflectance in the blue and red spectral ranges.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- P. syringaee0
- Interactor
- P. syringaePseudomonas syringaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- reflectancee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- blue and red spectral rangese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“P. syringae caused a strong increase in reflectance in the blue and red spectral ranges”
Claim · model-written summary
P. syringae caused a decrease in reflectance in the near-infrared range.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- P. syringaee0
- Interactor
- P. syringaePseudomonas syringaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- reflectancee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- near-infrared rangee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“P. syringae caused a strong increase in reflectance in the blue and red spectral ranges, as well as a decrease in the near-infrared range”
Claim · model-written summary
PVX-induced changes in the reflectance spectrum had smaller amplitudes than those induced by P. syringae.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- PVXe0
- Interactor
- PVXPotato virus Xe0pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. syringaePseudomonas syringaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- changes in the reflectance spectrume0
- Direction
- smaller amplitudese0
- Comparator
- P. syringaee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“PVX-induced changes in the reflectance spectrum had smaller amplitudes compared to P. syringae, and were localized mainly in the red edge (RE) range”
Claim · model-written summary
PVX-induced reflectance changes were localized mainly in the red edge range.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Interactor
- PVXPotato virus Xe0pathogen
- Outcome
- localized mainly in the red edge (RE) rangee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“PVX-induced changes in the reflectance spectrum had smaller amplitudes compared to P. syringae, and were localized mainly in the red edge (RE) range”
Claim · model-written summary
NRI510/545 and NRI510/850 were the most sensitive normalized reflectance indices to bacterial infection.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Outcome
- most sensitive NRIse0
- Value
- NRI510/545, NRI510/850e0
- Qualifier
- bacteriale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“The most sensitive NRIs to bacterial (NRI510/545, NRI510/850) and viral (NRI600/850, NRI700/850) infections were identified”
Claim · model-written summary
NRI600/850 and NRI700/850 were the most sensitive normalized reflectance indices to viral infection.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Outcome
- most sensitive NRIse0
- Value
- NRI600/850, NRI700/850e0
- Qualifier
- virale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“The most sensitive NRIs to bacterial (NRI510/545, NRI510/850) and viral (NRI600/850, NRI700/850) infections were identified”
Claim · model-written summary
Use of the identified indices makes it possible to detect the disease at an early stage.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Outcome
- detect the disease at an early stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“The use of these indices makes it possible to detect the disease at an early stage”
Claim · model-written summary
The study demonstrated the possibility of using the multispectral imaging method in early pathogen detection.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Outcome
- early pathogen detectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“demonstrated the possibility of using the multispectral imaging method in early pathogen detection”
The same questions in other papers
Solanum tuberosum · Potato virus X · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
22 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
21 papers more in this group
See all 25 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.