Abstract
Infection with Potato virus X (PVX) in Nicotiana benthamiana plants leads to increased transcript levels of several stress-related host genes, including basic-region leucine zipper 60 (bZIP60), SKP1, ER luminal binding protein (BiP), protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), calreticulin (CRT), and calmodulin (CAM). bZIP60 is a key transcription factor that responds to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and induces the expression of ER-resident chaperones (BiP, PDI, CRT, and CAM). SKP1 is a component of SCF (for SKP1-Cullin-F box protein) ubiquitin ligase complexes that target proteins for proteasomal degradation. Expression of PVX TGBp3 from a heterologous vector induces the same set of genes in N. benthamiana and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves. Virus-induced gene silencing was employed to knock down the expression of bZIP60 and SKP1, and the number of infection foci on inoculated leaves was reduced and systemic PVX accumulation was altered. Silencing bZIP60 led to the suppression of BiP and SKP1 transcript levels, suggesting that bZIP60 might be an upstream signal transducer. Overexpression of TGBp3 led to localized necrosis, but coexpression of TGBp3 with BiP abrogated necrosis, demonstrating that the unfolded protein response alleviates ER stress-related cell death. Steady-state levels of PVX replicase and TGBp2 (which reside in the ER) proteins were unaltered by the presence of TGBp3, suggesting that TGBp3 does not contribute to their turnover. Taken together, PVX TGBp3-induced ER stress leads to up-regulation of bZIP60 and unfolded protein response-related gene expression, which may be important to regulate cellular cytotoxicity that could otherwise lead to cell death if viral proteins reach high levels in the ER.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
PVX infection increased stress related host gene transcripts in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- Infection with Potato virus X (PVX)e0
- Interactor
- Potato virus X (PVX)Potato virus Xe0pathogen
- Outcome
- transcript levels of several stress-related host genese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infection with Potato virus X (PVX) in Nicotiana benthamiana plants leads to increased transcript levels of several stress-related host genes, including basic-region leucine zipper 60 (bZIP60), SKP1, ER luminal binding protein (BiP), protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), calreticulin (CRT), and calmodulin (CAM).”
Claim · model-written summary
TGBp3 expression induced the same host genes in N. benthamiana leaves.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Expression of PVX TGBp3 from a heterologous vectore0
- Gene
- PVX TGBp3e0
- Outcome
- same set of genese0
- Direction
- inducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression of PVX TGBp3 from a heterologous vector induces the same set of genes in N. benthamiana and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
TGBp3 expression induced the same host genes in Arabidopsis leaves.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Expression of PVX TGBp3 from a heterologous vectore0
- Gene
- PVX TGBp3e0
- Outcome
- same set of genese0
- Direction
- inducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression of PVX TGBp3 from a heterologous vector induces the same set of genes in N. benthamiana and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing bZIP60 and SKP1 reduced infection foci on inoculated leaves.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- knock down the expression of bZIP60 and SKP1e0
- Gene
- bZIP60 and SKP1e0
- Outcome
- number of infection focie0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virus-induced gene silencing was employed to knock down the expression of bZIP60 and SKP1, and the number of infection foci on inoculated leaves was reduced and systemic PVX accumulation was altered.”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing bZIP60 and SKP1 altered systemic PVX accumulation.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- knock down the expression of bZIP60 and SKP1e0
- Interactor
- PVXPotato virus Xe0pathogen
- Gene
- bZIP60 and SKP1e0
- Outcome
- systemic PVX accumulatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virus-induced gene silencing was employed to knock down the expression of bZIP60 and SKP1, and the number of infection foci on inoculated leaves was reduced and systemic PVX accumulation was altered.”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing bZIP60 suppressed BiP and SKP1 transcripts.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- Silencing bZIP60e0
- Gene
- bZIP60e0
- Outcome
- BiP and SKP1 transcript levelse0
- Direction
- suppressione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing bZIP60 led to the suppression of BiP and SKP1 transcript levels, suggesting that bZIP60 might be an upstream signal transducer.”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest bZIP60 may act upstream in host stress signaling.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Gene
- bZIP60e0
- Outcome
- upstream signal transducere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suggesting that bZIP60 might be an upstream signal transducer.”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana plants”
Claim · model-written summary
TGBp3 overexpression produced localized necrosis.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of TGBp3e0
- Gene
- TGBp3e0
- Outcome
- localized necrosise0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of TGBp3 led to localized necrosis, but coexpression of TGBp3 with BiP abrogated necrosis”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Coexpression with BiP abrogated TGBp3 associated necrosis.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- coexpression of TGBp3 with BiPe0
- Gene
- BiPe0
- Outcome
- necrosise0
- Direction
- abrogatede0
- Comparator
- Overexpression of TGBp3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of TGBp3 led to localized necrosis, but coexpression of TGBp3 with BiP abrogated necrosis”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana plants”
Claim · model-written summary
TGBp3 presence left steady state PVX replicase and TGBp2 protein levels unchanged.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- presence of TGBp3e0
- Gene
- PVX replicase and TGBp2e0
- Outcome
- Steady-state levels of PVX replicase and TGBp2e0
- Direction
- unalterede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Steady-state levels of PVX replicase and TGBp2 (which reside in the ER) proteins were unaltered by the presence of TGBp3”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer TGBp3 does not contribute to replicase and TGBp2 turnover.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Gene
- TGBp3e0
- Outcome
- does not contribute to their turnovere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suggesting that TGBp3 does not contribute to their turnover.”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana plants”
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