Abstract
As a critical part of plant immunity, cells that are attacked by pathogens undergo rapid transcriptional reprogramming to minimize virulence. Many bacterial phytopathogens use type III effector (T3E) proteins to interfere with plant defense responses, including this transcriptional reprogramming. Here, we show that Xanthomonas outer protein S (XopS), a T3E of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv), interacts with and inhibits proteasomal degradation of WRKY40, a transcriptional regulator of defense gene expression. Virus-induced gene silencing of WRKY40 in pepper (Capsicum annuum) enhanced plant tolerance to Xcv infection, indicating that WRKY40 represses immunity. Stabilization of WRKY40 by XopS reduces the expression of its targets, which include salicylic acid-responsive genes and the jasmonic acid signaling repressor JAZ8. Xcv bacteria lacking XopS display significantly reduced virulence when surface inoculated onto susceptible pepper leaves. XopS delivery by Xcv, as well as ectopic expression of XopS in Arabidopsis thaliana or Nicotiana benthamiana, prevented stomatal closure in response to bacteria and biotic elicitors. Silencing WRKY40 in pepper or N. benthamiana abolished XopS's ability to prevent stomatal closure. This suggests that XopS interferes with both preinvasion and apoplastic defense by manipulating WRKY40 stability and downstream gene expression, eventually altering phytohormone crosstalk to promote pathogen proliferation.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
XopS interacted with WRKY40 and inhibited its proteasomal degradation.
- Taxon
- peppert0
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria
_(25868012152).jpg?width=60)
Xanthomonas campestrise0 - Gene
- WRKY40e0
- Outcome
- proteasomal degradation of WRKY40e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(25868012152).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Xanthomonas outer protein S (XopS), a T3E of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv), interacts with and inhibits proteasomal degradation of WRKY40”
t0“pepper ( Capsicum annuum )”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing WRKY40 enhanced pepper tolerance to Xcv infection.
- Taxon
- peppere0
- Treatment
- Virus-induced gene silencing of WRKY40e0
- Interactor
- Xcve0
- Gene
- WRKY40e0
- Outcome
- plant tolerance to Xcv infectione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Virus-induced gene silencing of WRKY40 in pepper (Capsicum annuum) enhanced plant tolerance to Xcv infection”
Claim · model-written summary
XopS stabilization of WRKY40 reduced target gene expression.
Verbatim
e0“Stabilization of WRKY40 by XopS reduces the expression of its targets, which include salicylic acid-responsive genes and the jasmonic acid signaling repressor JAZ8.”
t0“pepper ( Capsicum annuum )”
Claim · model-written summary
Xcv lacking XopS had significantly reduced virulence on pepper leaves.
- Taxon
- peppere0
- Treatment
- lacking XopSe0
- Interactor
- Xcve0
- Outcome
- Xcv bacteria lacking XopS display significantly reduced virulencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Xcv bacteria lacking XopS display significantly reduced virulence when surface inoculated onto susceptible pepper leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
XopS delivery by Xcv prevented bacteria- and elicitor-induced stomatal closure.
- Taxon
- peppert0
- Treatment
- XopS delivery by Xcve0
- Interactor
- Xcve0
- Outcome
- stomatal closuree0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“XopS delivery by Xcv, as well as ectopic expression of XopS in Arabidopsis thaliana or Nicotiana benthamiana, prevented stomatal closure in response to bacteria and biotic elicitors.”
t0“pepper ( Capsicum annuum )”
Claim · model-written summary
Ectopic XopS expression prevented stomatal closure in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Treatment
- ectopic expression of XopSe0
- Outcome
- stomatal closuree0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ectopic expression of XopS in Arabidopsis thaliana or Nicotiana benthamiana, prevented stomatal closure in response to bacteria and biotic elicitors.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ectopic XopS expression prevented stomatal closure in Nicotiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- ectopic expression of XopSe0
- Outcome
- stomatal closuree0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ectopic expression of XopS in Arabidopsis thaliana or Nicotiana benthamiana, prevented stomatal closure in response to bacteria and biotic elicitors.”
Claim · model-written summary
WRKY40 silencing abolished XopS prevention of stomatal closure in pepper.
- Taxon
- peppere0
- Treatment
- Silencing WRKY40e0
- Outcome
- XopS's ability to prevent stomatal closuree0
- Direction
- abolishede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Silencing WRKY40 in pepper or N. benthamiana abolished XopS's ability to prevent stomatal closure.”
Claim · model-written summary
WRKY40 silencing abolished XopS prevention of stomatal closure in N. benthamiana.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- Silencing WRKY40e0
- Outcome
- XopS's ability to prevent stomatal closuree0
- Direction
- abolishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing WRKY40 in pepper or N. benthamiana abolished XopS's ability to prevent stomatal closure.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that XopS manipulates WRKY40 stability and gene expression to promote pathogen proliferation.
Verbatim
e0“XopS interferes with both preinvasion and apoplastic defense by manipulating WRKY40 stability and downstream gene expression, eventually altering phytohormone crosstalk to promote pathogen proliferation.”
t0“pepper ( Capsicum annuum )”
The same questions in other papers
overexpression · physiology: gas exchange · Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
loss of function · quality: protein · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.