Abstract
We herein investigated the effects of salt (NaCl) stress on soybean nodulation by rhizobial strains. We specifically examined: (1) the effects of NaCl on nodule maturity and positioning by inoculating three rhizobial strains (Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA110T, Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA31, and Sinorhizobium fredii USDA191) onto soybean variety CNS, (2) the effects of the NaCl treatment on isoflavones (daidzein and genistein) secretion by CNS, (3) the effects of the NaCl treatment on gene expression induced by daidzein and genistein in rhizobia, and (4) the effects of the NaCl treatment on rhizobial growth. The results obtained were as follows: (1) the NaCl treatment delayed nodule development and reduced nodulation on the primary root following the USDA110T inoculation, minimal sensitivity regarding nodule formation in the USDA 31 inoculation, and significantly increased the mature nodule number and nodules on the primary root following the USDA 191 inoculation. (2) The NaCl treatment significantly reduced the secretion of daidzein from soybean roots, but did not significantly affect that of genistein. (3) NaCl treatment induced a significant decrease in genistein-induced nodC expression in USDA110T, but not in USDA31, and also caused a significant reduction in daidzein-induced nodC expression, but not genistein-induced expression, in USDA191. (4) NaCl treatment reduced survivability under acidic conditions, but increased survivability under saline-alkaline conditions for USDA191 than bradyrhizobia. These results indicate that saline conditions give S. fredii a competitive advantage over Bradyrhizobium during soybean infection.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl delayed nodule development after USDA110T inoculation.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- NaCl treatmente0
- Interactor
- USDA110Te0symbiont
- Outcome
- nodule developmente0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the NaCl treatment delayed nodule development and reduced nodulation on the primary root following the USDA110T inoculation”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl reduced nodulation on the primary root after USDA110T inoculation.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- NaCl treatmente0
- Interactor
- USDA110Te0symbiont
- Outcome
- nodulation on the primary roote0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the NaCl treatment delayed nodule development and reduced nodulation on the primary root following the USDA110T inoculation”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Nodule formation under NaCl had minimal sensitivity after USDA31 inoculation.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt1
- Treatment
- NaCl Treatmentt0
- Interactor
- USDA 31e0symbiont
- Outcome
- nodule formatione0
- Direction
- minimal sensitivitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“minimal sensitivity regarding nodule formation in the USDA 31 inoculation”
t0“NaCl Treatment”
t1“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl significantly increased mature nodule number after USDA191 inoculation.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt1
- Treatment
- NaCl Treatmentt0
- Interactor
- USDA 191e0symbiont
- Outcome
- mature nodule numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly increased the mature nodule number and nodules on the primary root following the USDA 191 inoculation”
t0“NaCl Treatment”
t1“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl significantly increased nodules on the primary root after USDA191 inoculation.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt1
- Treatment
- NaCl Treatmentt0
- Interactor
- USDA 191e0symbiont
- Outcome
- nodules on the primary roote0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly increased the mature nodule number and nodules on the primary root following the USDA 191 inoculation”
t0“NaCl Treatment”
t1“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl significantly reduced daidzein secretion from soybean roots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- NaCl treatmente0
- Outcome
- secretion of daidzeine0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The NaCl treatment significantly reduced the secretion of daidzein from soybean roots”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl did not significantly affect genistein secretion from soybean roots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- NaCl treatmente0
- Outcome
- genisteine0
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The NaCl treatment significantly reduced the secretion of daidzein from soybean roots, but did not significantly affect that of genistein”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl significantly decreased genistein-induced nodC expression in USDA110T.
- Taxon
- USDA110Te0
- Treatment
- NaCl treatmente0
- Gene
- nodCe0
- Outcome
- genistein-induced nodC expressione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“NaCl treatment induced a significant decrease in genistein-induced nodC expression in USDA110T”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl did not decrease genistein-induced nodC expression in USDA31.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“NaCl treatment induced a significant decrease in genistein-induced nodC expression in USDA110T, but not in USDA31”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl significantly reduced daidzein-induced nodC expression in USDA191.
- Taxon
- USDA191e0
- Treatment
- NaCl Treatmentt0
- Gene
- nodCe0
- Outcome
- daidzein-induced nodC expressione0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“caused a significant reduction in daidzein-induced nodC expression, but not genistein-induced expression, in USDA191”
t0“NaCl Treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl did not reduce genistein-induced nodC expression in USDA191.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“caused a significant reduction in daidzein-induced nodC expression, but not genistein-induced expression, in USDA191”
t0“NaCl Treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl reduced USDA191 survivability under acidic conditions relative to bradyrhizobia.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl treatment reduced survivability under acidic conditions, but increased survivability under saline-alkaline conditions for USDA191 than bradyrhizobia”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl increased USDA191 survivability under saline-alkaline conditions relative to bradyrhizobia.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl treatment reduced survivability under acidic conditions, but increased survivability under saline-alkaline conditions for USDA191 than bradyrhizobia”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude saline conditions give S. fredii a competitive advantage over Bradyrhizobium during soybean infection.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Interactor
- S. fredii
.JPG?width=60)
Sinorhizobium frediie0symbiont - Second interactor
- Bradyrhizobium
Bradyrhizobiume0symbiont - Outcome
- competitive advantagee0
- Direction
- advantagee0
- Setting
- saline conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“saline conditions give S. fredii a competitive advantage over Bradyrhizobium during soybean infection”
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