Paper · 1966 · Agronomy Journal

Effects of Salinity on Nodulation, Nitrogen Fixation, and Growth of Soybeans and Alfalfa1

Leon Bernstein; Gen Ogata

5
claims
10
verbatim quotes
112
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Abstract The growth, nodulation, and nitrogen content of nitrogen‐fertilized and nitrogen‐fixing soybeans and alfalfa were compared at four levels of salinity (0 to 5.4 atm added NaCl) in gravel culture. Salinity was more inhibitory to the growth of inoculated Lee soybeans than of nitrate‐fertilized cultures. Nodulation was strongly reduced at 5.4 atm of added NaCl, and the dry‐weight percentage of nodules decreased significantly with increasing salinity of the medium. Nodulation of California Common alfalfa was only slightly affected by salinity, and relative growth inhibition by salinity was the same for the nitrogen‐fertilized and the nitrogen‐fixing cultures.

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Claims 5

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Salinity inhibited growth of inoculated Lee soybeans more than growth of nitrate-fertilized cultures.

Taxon
soybeansGlycine maxe0
Material
Leee1
Treatment
Salinitye1
Outcome
growthe1
Direction
more inhibitorye1
Comparator
nitrate‐fertilized culturese1
Setting
gravel culturee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The growth, nodulation, and nitrogen content of nitrogen‐fertilized and nitrogen‐fixing soybeans and alfalfa were compared at four levels of salinity (0 to 5.4 atm added NaCl) in gravel culture”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–202 · show in text ↑
e1

“Salinity was more inhibitory to the growth of inoculated Lee soybeans than of nitrate‐fertilized cultures”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 204–309 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Salinity of 5.4 atm added NaCl strongly reduced nodulation of soybeans.

Taxon
soybeansGlycine maxe0
Treatment
5.4 atm of added NaCle2
Outcome
Nodulatione2
Direction
reducede2
Setting
gravel culturee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The growth, nodulation, and nitrogen content of nitrogen‐fertilized and nitrogen‐fixing soybeans and alfalfa were compared at four levels of salinity (0 to 5.4 atm added NaCl) in gravel culture”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–202 · show in text ↑
e2

“Nodulation was strongly reduced at 5.4 atm of added NaCl”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 311–367 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The dry-weight percentage of soybean nodules decreased significantly with increasing salinity of the medium.

Taxon
soybeansGlycine maxe0
Treatment
increasing salinity of the mediume3
Outcome
dry‐weight percentage of nodulese3
Direction
decreasede3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The growth, nodulation, and nitrogen content of nitrogen‐fertilized and nitrogen‐fixing soybeans and alfalfa were compared at four levels of salinity (0 to 5.4 atm added NaCl) in gravel culture”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–202 · show in text ↑
e3

“the dry‐weight percentage of nodules decreased significantly with increasing salinity of the medium”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 373–472 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nodulation of California Common alfalfa was only slightly affected by salinity.

Taxon
alfalfaMedicago sativae0
Material
California Commone4
Treatment
salinitye4
Outcome
Nodulatione4
Setting
gravel culturee0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Medicago sativa
Medicago sativa · TaxonDrepanostoma · CC BY 4.0 · iNaturalist ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The growth, nodulation, and nitrogen content of nitrogen‐fertilized and nitrogen‐fixing soybeans and alfalfa were compared at four levels of salinity (0 to 5.4 atm added NaCl) in gravel culture”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–202 · show in text ↑
e4

“Nodulation of California Common alfalfa was only slightly affected by salinity”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 474–552 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Relative growth inhibition by salinity was the same for nitrogen-fertilized and nitrogen-fixing alfalfa cultures.

Taxon
alfalfaMedicago sativae0
Treatment
salinitye5
Outcome
relative growth inhibitione5
Direction
no_changeinferrede5
Comparator
nitrogen‐fertilizede5
Setting
gravel culturee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Medicago sativa
Medicago sativa · TaxonDrepanostoma · CC BY 4.0 · iNaturalist ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The growth, nodulation, and nitrogen content of nitrogen‐fertilized and nitrogen‐fixing soybeans and alfalfa were compared at four levels of salinity (0 to 5.4 atm added NaCl) in gravel culture”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–202 · show in text ↑
e5

“relative growth inhibition by salinity was the same for the nitrogen‐fertilized and the nitrogen‐fixing cultures”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 558–670 · show in text ↑

sodium chloride · symbiosis · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

6 papers: 1 positive, 5 negative or no effect

4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. positive
  3. negative

2 papers more in this group

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salinity · disease · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results

7 papers: 4 positive, 3 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

3 papers more in this group

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salinity · symbiosis · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results

15 papers: 3 positive, 12 negative or no effect

11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. negative
  3. negative

11 papers more in this group

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salinity · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

116 papers: 6 positive, 110 negative or no effect

109 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

112 papers more in this group

See all 116 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.