Abstract
Excessive use of chemical fertilizers and extensive farming can degrade soil properties so that leading to decline in crop yields. Combining plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) with biochar (BC) may be an alternative way to mitigate this situation. However, the proportion of PGPR and BC at which crop yield can be improved, as well as the improvement effect extent on different eco-geographic region and crops, remain unclear. This research used cabbage [ Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr.] as the target crop and established as treatment conventional fertilization as a control and a 50% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer at the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of China, adding BC or PGPR to evaluate the effects of different treatments on cabbage yield and the soil physicochemical properties. Specifically, high-throughput sequencing probed beneficial soil microbial communities and investigated the impact of BC and PGPR on cabbage yield and soil properties. The results revealed that the soil alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen (AH-N), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) contents were higher in the BC application than in control. The BC application or mixed with PGPR significantly increased the soil organic matter (OM) content (P<0.05), with a maximum of 42.59 g/kg. Further, applying BC or PGPR significantly increased the abundance of beneficial soil microorganisms in the whole growth period of cabbage (P<0.05), such as Streptomyces , Lysobacter , and Bacillus . Meanwhile, the co-application of BC and PGPR increased the abundance of Pseudomonas , and also significantly enhanced the Shannon index and Simpson index of bacterial community (P<0.05). Combined or not with PGPR, the BC application significantly enhanced cabbage yield (P<0.05), with the highest yield reached 1.41 fold of the control. Our research indicated that BC is an suitable and promising carrier of PGPR for soil improvement, combining BC and PGPR can effectively ameliorate the diversity of bacterial community even in acid red soil rhizosphere, and the most direct reflection is to improve soil fertility and cabbage yield.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar application raised soil alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium contents above the control in the cabbage trial.
- Taxon
- cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatae1 - Treatment
- BC applicatione3
- Outcome
- soil alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen (AH-N), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) contentse3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- controle3
- Setting
- Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of Chinae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“used cabbage [ Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr.] as the target crop”
e2“at the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of China”
e3“soil alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen (AH-N), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) contents were higher in the BC application than in control”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar alone or mixed with PGPR significantly increased soil organic matter content, with a maximum of 42.59 g/kg.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- BC application or mixed with PGPRe4
- Interactor
- PGPRe4symbiont
- Outcome
- soil organic matter (OM) contente4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 42.59 g/kge4
- Setting
- Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of Chinae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“used cabbage [ Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr.] as the target crop”
e2“at the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of China”
e4“The BC application or mixed with PGPR significantly increased the soil organic matter (OM) content (P<0.05), with a maximum of 42.59 g/kg”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar or PGPR application significantly increased the abundance of beneficial soil microorganisms during the whole cabbage growth period, including Streptomyces.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Organ / stage
- whole growth periode5
- Treatment
- BC or PGPRe5
- Interactor
- Streptomyces
Streptomycese5other - Second interactor
- PGPRe5symbiont
- Outcome
- abundance of beneficial soil microorganismse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Setting
- Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of Chinae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“used cabbage [ Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr.] as the target crop”
e2“at the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of China”
e5“applying BC or PGPR significantly increased the abundance of beneficial soil microorganisms in the whole growth period of cabbage (P<0.05), such as Streptomyces , Lysobacter , and Bacillus”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-application of BC and PGPR increased the abundance of Pseudomonas.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- co-application of BC and PGPRe6
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas
Pseudomonase6other - Second interactor
- PGPRe6symbiont
- Outcome
- abundance of Pseudomonase6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Setting
- Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of Chinae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“used cabbage [ Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr.] as the target crop”
e2“at the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of China”
e6“Meanwhile, the co-application of BC and PGPR increased the abundance of Pseudomonas , and also significantly enhanced the Shannon index and Simpson index of bacterial community (P<0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-application of BC and PGPR significantly enhanced the Shannon and Simpson indices of the bacterial community.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- co-application of BC and PGPRe6
- Interactor
- PGPRe6symbiont
- Outcome
- Shannon index and Simpson index of bacterial communitye6
- Direction
- enhancede6
- Setting
- Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of Chinae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“used cabbage [ Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr.] as the target crop”
e2“at the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of China”
e6“Meanwhile, the co-application of BC and PGPR increased the abundance of Pseudomonas , and also significantly enhanced the Shannon index and Simpson index of bacterial community (P<0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
BC application significantly enhanced cabbage yield, reaching 1.41 fold of the control.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- BC applicatione7
- Interactor
- PGPRe7symbiont
- Outcome
- cabbage yielde7
- Direction
- enhancede7
- Value
- 1.41 folde7
- Comparator
- controle7
- Setting
- Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of Chinae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“used cabbage [ Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr.] as the target crop”
e2“at the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of China”
e7“Combined or not with PGPR, the BC application significantly enhanced cabbage yield (P<0.05), with the highest yield reached 1.41 fold of the control”
Claim · model-written summary
BC is a suitable and promising carrier of PGPR for soil improvement in cabbage cropping.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Outcome
- suitable and promising carrier of PGPR for soil improvemente7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“used cabbage [ Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr.] as the target crop”
e7“BC is an suitable and promising carrier of PGPR for soil improvement”
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