Abstract
The exogenous application of phytohormones to manipulate weed seed germination and emergence is a potential avenue for exploring alternative integrated weed management strategies. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of exogenous applications of the phytohormones gibberellic acid (GA3) and abscisic acid (ABA) on waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus [Moq.]) emergence. In the greenhouse study, all waterhemp populations in sandy soil and three out of five populations in clay soil demonstrated a positive response to increased GA3; however, the response was small, leading to an increase in waterhemp emergence of up to 10% points, and weak (R2adj < 0.3). Only one population exhibited a small (up to 10 points) and weak (R2adj = 0.1) reduction in emergence in response to increased ABA in clay soil. The field studies demonstrated no differences in waterhemp and soybean emergence in response to application of GA3 and ABA. Despite the low to absent efficacy of the exogenous application of GA3 and ABA in manipulating waterhemp emergence in these experiments, our findings provide foundation information for future research on this concept, particularly supporting further research investing the use of GA3 in lighter textured soils.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Higher GA3 increased emergence of all sandy-soil waterhemp populations by up to 10 percentage points, with weak fit.
- Taxon
- waterhempe0
- Treatment
- increased GA3e1
- Outcome
- waterhemp emergencee1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- up to 10% pointse1
- Qualifier
- weak (R2adj < 0.3)e1
- Setting
- sandy soile1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus [Moq.])”
e1“all waterhemp populations in sandy soil and three out of five populations in clay soil demonstrated a positive response to increased GA3; however, the response was small, leading to an increase in waterhemp emergence of up to 10% points, and weak (R2adj < 0.3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Three of five clay-soil waterhemp populations responded positively to increased GA3.
- Taxon
- waterhempe0
- Treatment
- increased GA3e1
- Outcome
- positive responsee1
- Direction
- positivee1
- Value
- three out of five populationse1
- Setting
- clay soile1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus [Moq.])”
e1“three out of five populations in clay soil demonstrated a positive response to increased GA3”
Claim · model-written summary
In clay soil increased ABA reduced emergence in one population by up to 10 points, with weak fit.
- Taxon
- waterhempe0
- Treatment
- increased ABAe1
- Outcome
- emergencee1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- up to 10 pointse1
- Qualifier
- weak (R2adj = 0.1)e1
- Setting
- clay soile1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus [Moq.])”
e1“Only one population exhibited a small (up to 10 points) and weak (R2adj = 0.1) reduction in emergence in response to increased ABA in clay soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Field GA3 and ABA applications produced no differences in waterhemp emergence.
- Taxon
- waterhempe0
- Treatment
- application of GA3 and ABAe0
- Outcome
- waterhemp emergencee1
- Direction
- no differencese0
- Setting
- field studiese0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The field studies demonstrated no differences in waterhemp and soybean emergence in response to application of GA3 and ABA”
e1“increase in waterhemp emergence of up to 10% points”
Claim · model-written summary
Field GA3 and ABA applications produced no differences in soybean emergence.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- application of GA3 and ABAe0
- Outcome
- soybean emergencee0
- Direction
- no differencese0
- Setting
- field studiese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The field studies demonstrated no differences in waterhemp and soybean emergence in response to application of GA3 and ABA”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors support further GA3 research in lighter textured soils.
Verbatim
e0“increase in waterhemp emergence of up to 10% points”
e1“supporting further research investing the use of GA3 in lighter textured soils”
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See all 35 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.