Abstract
Recovery of tissue culture-derived plants through somatic embryogenesis is a useful system for genetic engineering of soybean. The effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on soybean somatic embryogenesis, development, and maturation was investigated. ABA at 1, 10, 50, 100, and 500 µM were applied at different stages of embryo development; namely, at the globular stage in suspension culture, at the development stage and at the maturation stage on solid media. ABA promoted embryo growth and development when applied at the globular stage. Embryo size, after 15 d and after 1 mo on development medium, was significantly greater than that without exposure to ABA. ABA promoted normal embryo morphogenesis and 62% more normal embryos developed when embryos were treated with ABA at the globular stage. ABA treated-embryos showed an increased tolerance to partial desiccation (from 24% to 78%) and exhibited an increased germination capability relative to non-ABA-treated controls (54% versus 8%). Somatic embryos appeared to undergo a decreasing sensitivity to ABA during maturation. ABA did not show an effect when applied during embryo development and maturation stages. A protocol for more normal embryo formation and improved embryo germination is reported. Key words: Glycine max, somatic embryogenesis, in vitro culture
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
ABA applied at the globular stage promoted soybean embryo growth and development
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Organ / stage
- globular stagee1
- Treatment
- ABAe1
- Outcome
- embryo growth and developmente1
- Direction
- promotede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genetic engineering of soybean”
e1“ABA promoted embryo growth and development when applied at the globular stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean embryo size was significantly greater with ABA exposure than without it
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- ABAe2
- Outcome
- Embryo sizee2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Comparator
- without exposure to ABAe2
- Setting
- development mediume2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genetic engineering of soybean”
e2“Embryo size, after 15 d and after 1 mo on development medium, was significantly greater than that without exposure to ABA”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA promoted normal soybean embryo morphogenesis
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- globular stagee3
- Treatment
- ABAe3
- Outcome
- normal embryo morphogenesise3
- Direction
- promotede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genetic engineering of soybean”
e3“ABA promoted normal embryo morphogenesis and 62% more normal embryos developed when embryos were treated with ABA at the globular stage”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA applied at the globular stage gave 62% more normal soybean embryos
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- globular stagee3
- Treatment
- ABAe3
- Outcome
- normal embryose3
- Direction
- moree3
- Value
- 62%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genetic engineering of soybean”
e3“ABA promoted normal embryo morphogenesis and 62% more normal embryos developed when embryos were treated with ABA at the globular stage”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA increased tolerance of soybean embryos to partial desiccation, from 24% to 78%
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- ABAe4
- Outcome
- tolerance to partial desiccatione4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- from 24% to 78%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genetic engineering of soybean”
e4“ABA treated-embryos showed an increased tolerance to partial desiccation (from 24% to 78%) and exhibited an increased germination capability relative to non-ABA-treated controls (54% versus 8%)”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA-treated soybean embryos had increased germination capability relative to non-ABA-treated controls, 54% versus 8%
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- ABAe4
- Outcome
- germination capabilitye4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 54% versus 8%e4
- Comparator
- non-ABA-treated controlse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genetic engineering of soybean”
e4“ABA treated-embryos showed an increased tolerance to partial desiccation (from 24% to 78%) and exhibited an increased germination capability relative to non-ABA-treated controls (54% versus 8%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sensitivity of soybean somatic embryos to ABA appeared to decrease during maturation
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- maturatione5
- Outcome
- sensitivity to ABAe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genetic engineering of soybean”
e5“Somatic embryos appeared to undergo a decreasing sensitivity to ABA during maturation”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA applied during soybean embryo development and maturation stages had no effect
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- embryo development and maturation stagese6
- Treatment
- ABAe6
- Outcome
- effecte6
- Direction
- did not show an effecte6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genetic engineering of soybean”
e6“ABA did not show an effect when applied during embryo development and maturation stages”
Claim · model-written summary
A protocol gives more normal soybean embryo formation and improved embryo germination
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- protocol for more normal embryo formation and improved embryo germinatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genetic engineering of soybean”
e7“A protocol for more normal embryo formation and improved embryo germination is reported”
The same questions in other papers
(+)-abscisic acid · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →(+)-abscisic acid · disease · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.